Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies

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https://demodspace.chitkara.edu.in/handle/123456789/12

The Journal of Technology Management for Growing Economies (JTMGE) plays a key role in merging academic and practical insights, focusing on diverse research including empirical studies, case studies, and theoretical analyses related to the intersection of management and technology. It promotes an interdisciplinary perspective to bridge knowledge gaps and spur innovation in organizational practices, aligning them with industry standards. JTMGE is at the forefront of integrating engineering, technology, and social sciences within management to encourage economic growth and innovative strategies in emerging markets. It emphasizes the examination and improvement of business processes, advocating for performance optimization through benchmarking and the adoption of best practices. JTMGE prioritizes innovation, sustainability, and advanced practices vital for maintaining competitiveness and addressing environmental challenges at various levels. It welcomes global contributions that offer empirical, theoretical, or conceptual insights aimed at fostering growth in emerging economies, emphasizing the importance of practical solutions and theoretical advancements in driving economic development.

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FPGA Based Hardware Co-Simulation of an Area and Power Efficient FIR Filter for Wireless Communication Systems
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) Rajesh Kumar; Swapna Devi; S. S. Pattnaik
“In this paper FPGA based hardware co-simulation of an area and power efficient FIR filter for wireless communication systems is presented. The implementation is based on distributed arithmetic (DA) which substitutes multiply-and-accumulate operations with look up table (LUT) accesses. Parallel Distributed arithmetic (PDA) look up table approach is used to implement an FIR Filter taking optimal advantage of the look up table structure of FPGA using VHDL. The proposed design is hardware co-simulated using System Generator10.1, synthesized with Xilinx ISE 10.1 software, and implemented on Virtex-4 based xc4vlx25-10ff668 target device. Results show that the proposed design operates at 17.5 MHz throughput and consumes 0.468W power with considerable reduction in required resources to implement the design as compared to Coregen and add/shift based design styles. Due to this reduction in required resources the proposed design can also be implemented on Spartan-3 FPGA device to provide cost effective solution for DSP and wireless communication applications.”
HP Labs India’s Technology to Make Printed Paper Documents Tamper-Proof
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) Ramani Srinivasan; Anjaneyulu Kuchibhotla; Godavari Srinivasu; Bhushan Matad
Proof “The objective of this paper is to discuss the cost-effective technologies developed at HP Labs India to make paper documents tamper-proof. We started with a real customer problem: to ensure that printed government land records should be tamper-proof. We first looked at existing techniques to see if they could address the problem but subsequently had to come up with our own technology. To address the problem, there was a need to identify good pilot customers to promote adoption of technology. Another challenge was around the customer’s lack of awareness in terms of the impact of fraudulent documents on their business, and the difficulty of selling solutions versus selling products. Technology invention plays a small part in the final success of any customer-driven innovation, and so other factors should not be ignored. There were several other specific conclusions related to the innovator, the customer-facing staff and the customers. The key contributions of this work was starting with a real customer problem and dealing with end-to-end issues related to adoption of technology to make paper documents tamper-proof. “
Certificate Path Verification in Hierarchical and Peer-to-Peer Public Key Infrastructures
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) Balachandra; Prema K.V.
“Authentication of users in an automated business transaction is commonly realized by means of a Public Key Infrastructure(PKI). A PKI is a framework on which the security services are built. Each user or end entity is given a digitally signed data structure called digital certificate. In Hierarchical PKI, certificate path is unidirectional, so certificate path development and validation is simple and straight forward. Peer-to-Peer(also called Mesh PKI) architecture is one of the most popular PKI trust models that is widely used in automated business transactions, but certificate path verification is very complex since there are multiple paths between users and the certification path is bidirectional. In this paper, we demonstrate the advantage of certificate path verification in Hierarchical PKI based on forward path construction method over reverse path construction method with respect to the time requirement. We also propose a novel method to convert a peer-to-peer PKI to a Depth First Search(DFS) spanning tree to simplify the certificate path verification by avoiding multiple paths between users, since the DFS spanning tree equivalent of peer-to-peer PKI contains only one path between any two Certification Authorities.
Chip Architecture for Data Sorting Using Recursive Algorithm
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) Megha Agarwal; Indra Gupta
“This paper suggests a way to implement recursive algorithm on hardware with an example of sorting of numeric data. Every recursive call/return needs a mechanism to store/restore parameters, local variables and return addresses respectively. Also a control sequence is needed to control the flow of execution as in case of recursive call and recursive return. The number of states required for the execution of a recursion in hardware can be reduced compared with software. This paper describes all the details that are required to implement recursive algorithm in hardware. For implementation, all the entities are designed using VHDL and are synthesized, configured on Spartan-2 XC2S200-5PQ208. “
Measuring R&D Demographics to Assess the Potential for Technological Innovation of SMEs in India
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) Mary Mathew; Anirudha Dambal; V. Chandrashekar
“Innovation is one of the best-known indicators of organizational competitive advantage. However, little is known about the innovation behavior of SMEs in developing countries. The capacity of SMEs to be lean, flexible and agile makes their potential for innovation, high. Their R&D demographics is a good indicator of whether they will be potentially innovative or not. It is with this aim that we studied the R&D characteristics of Indian SMEs. The survey methodology was used. The questionnaire method was used for data collection. A sample of 55 Indian SME organizations in the pharmaceuticals, information technology, machine tools and precision tools sectors were surveyed. The metrics used to measure R&D demographics included spread of R&D activities within the SMEs, R&D expenditure of the SMEs, education levels of the SMEs, collaborations of the SMEs for technology acquisition and clients of the SMEs between foreign and Indian markets. Implications and policy suggestions are also discussed.
University-Industry Collaboration: An Open Innovation Approach at Hewlett-Packard
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) Vinnie Jauhari; Michel Benard
“In the pursuit of innovation, global firms try to deploy different strategies for innovation. The universities constitute a very important segment for sourcing innovation and working on pre-competitive technologies which have a long term impact. This research assesses the open innovation approach deployed by firms. It also looks at the approach adopted by Hewlett-Packard to focus on technologies which have a long term impact and developed by an open approach involving technical communities around the globe. It tracks the development of technologies such as D Space and its applications and challenges. It also looks at the strategy towards developing Cloud Computing frameworks. The other initiatives include the implementation of the Innovation Research Program spanning the universities across various countries. The opportunities and challenges associated with the open innovation approach are then suggested based on interaction with over two dozen leading academics and industry practitioners.”
IT for Sustainable Growth
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) Alan Dix; Sriram Subramanian
“This paper addresses the changing nature of markets in an IT-rich and Internet connected world. Through a combination of case studies, theoretical analysis and parallels between issues in developed and emerging worlds, it explores whether technology can help create economic futures that are economically, socially and environmentally sustainable for the emergent economies and also offer fresh directions for the culturally homogenised and resource wasteful west. The paper suggests that IT radically changes the `ground rules\\\’ compared with the periods of intense development in western countries in the 19th and 20th centuries. In particular, IT opens the way for less centralised growth, where global communications enable local collaboration, and those at the bottom of the economic pyramid can have presence on the world stage. However, realising the potential of IT to aid sustainability may require strategic efforts to create suitable information and economic infrastructures. “
Analysis of Exposed Node Problem and Security Concerns in Adhoc Networks
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) T. L. Singal; Prachi Sharma; Ravneet Kaur
“The paper contains the analysis of exposed node problem in mobile adhoc network. The problem is that before starting the transmission, a station wants to know whether there is activity around the receiver. If the transmission is taking place around the receiver, there will be collisions and the effective throughput will be decreased. A detailed study of the simulation on these exposed nodes is carried out using the GloMoSim software to calculate the throughput for the various transmission powers and different protocols, so as to compare the performances by varying different parameters. These simulation results with GloMoSim corroborate our theoretical analysis.”
Enhancement of QoS in 802.11e for Real Time Traffic
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-04) Gurpreet Singh Grewal; Rajbir Singh; Manpreet Singh
“Quality of Service (QoS) requirements like good throughput and minimum access delay are challenging tasks to accomplish with regard to 802.11 WLAN protocols and Medium Access Control (MAC) functions. In this article, a distributed medium access scheme called EDCF, which is adopted in an upcoming standard IEEE802.11e to allow prioritized medium access for applications with QoS requirements, is described and discussed. Its performance is also evaluated via simulations using network simulator called OPNET”
Catalyst Role of Government R&D Inducing Hybrid Management in Japan: Lessons for Emerging Economies
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-10) Kayano Fukuda; Chihiro Watanabe
Japan has achieved conspicuous technology advancement and subsequent productivity increase by overcoming threats and constraints of sustainable development of economy and society. The achievement can be attributed to a sophisticated combination of industrial efforts and government stimulation. This paper analyzes the government role in inducing industrial strength in Japan. Empirical analyses were conducted focusing on technology driven development trajectory between Japan and the US over the last two decades. The results reveal that Japan incorporates sophisticated mechanism enabling the hybrid management of technology fusing indigenous strength and learning ability. While the combination of government and industry stagnated in the 1990s, a swell of reactivation emerged in the early 2000s. This can largely be attributed to revitalization of the mutual interaction between government and industry. Such a catalyst role of government R&D inducing the hybrid management demonstrated by Japan would provide a new insight in emerging economies.
Achieving Market Leadership: The Next Challenge for Technology Firms from Growing Countries
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-10) Eric Viardot
Technology industries tend to follow a “winner-takes-all” model where the whole market belongs to an oligopoly of firms. Those companies are achieving an overriding position with a product or service whose dominant design is adopted by an overwhelming number of customers and makes it a de facto market standard. We have identified seven different moves used by the firms from the developed world to push their technology-intensive solutions to the market so that they become indisputable leaders. They offer a compatible or open technology to generate increasing returns; besides they create a supportive network; they also actively promote their technology through an aggressive branding; they go after the global market in order to reach the maximum volume of users; they minimize their production costs in order to lower their price and get to new customers; finally they constantly invest more than their competitors in order to reach a critical mass which make their solution unavoidable. Technology industries have long been dominated by companies from the developed world. However in the recent years, new players are coming from growing economies, especially from China for high tech products and India for technology services. In this paper, we will explore how those technology companies from growing countries -mostly China and India- can also apply those different actions in order to reach market leadership
Measurement of Integration between NPD and Marketing Employees: Case of a Software Product Development Company
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-10) Mary Mathew; Manasi Joglekar; Pradeep Desai
The relationship between marketing and new product development (NPD) is of great significance. It has been widely accepted that it also affects the success of the project or product to a large extent. But yet, this integration is not an easy task and presents lots of challenges to an organization. One of the major barriers is considered to be differences in the perceptions of marketing and NPD employees about each others’ tasks and the way they are supposed to cooperate. The study described in this paper is aimed at diagnosing these differences for a particular software products organization. The study has tried to capture these differences for integration behaviors between marketing and new product development (NPD) employees engaged in software product development. The study revealed that there was a significant difference between perception of marketing and new product development (NPD) employees over the current level of information flow from marketing to NPD as well the improvement required in the same. The priorities of marketing and NPD employees for improvement also seem to be quite different which is a serious concern as it can lead to lack of concerted effort in a particular direction. The paper describes these findings on the integration behaviours between marketing and NPD employees.
Wanted: New Business Models for Profitable Expansion of Mobile Telephony in Rural India
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-10) Harsh Manglik; Kumar Ranjan; Raghav Narsalay; Svenja Falk
Mobile network operators’ agendas for profitable growth include expansion into rural areas of developing countries, especially India. However, capitalizing on that opportunity will not be easy. Our research suggests that operators have yet to create and implement business models capable of driving profitable growth through rural expansion. We found that mobile network operators hold some mistaken assumptions about rural consumers’ needs and desires regarding mobile services. To achieve profitable growth and high performance through rural expansion, operators must develop a more accurate understanding of the mobile value proposition in rural communities, as well as potential barriers to adoption. . Mobile operators in rural markets must also build business models that work in the short term as well as the long term. Sacrificing short-term revenues to expand market footprint may not be the best strategy, because stiffening competition in urban markets will likely prevent operators from cross-subsidizing their rural expansion strategies. This report serves as a “midpoint review” of some key presumptions, strategies and models companies have used to drive their rural strategies over recent years.
Technology and Entrepreneurship: How India Can Lead in Creating a Sustainable World Future
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-10) Neerja Raman
In the last decade, a global economy saw unprecedented growth that resulted in world recognition of developing countries as having superpower potential. But, in economies like India growth has not been beneficial for large segments of the population thus creating a socially volatile opportunity gap between the rich and the poor. Through examination of game changing technology and business models, this article poses a strategy to support creation of a new economy that does not have to make a choice between growth and poverty eradication. The approach calls for leaders to invest in locally appropriate technology research, build market forces to scale impact in rural or remote areas and to expand on the success of the microfinance ethos of investing in people through education, training and healthcare. While challenges are acknowledged, this article focuses on the key innovation advantages: a growing market and a young population demographic which can position India as a leader in sustainable growth for the world. Partnerships between government, corporations, and academics that foster entrepreneurship can achieve economic as well as social prosperity and examples are provided as impetus in overcoming resistance to change.
Technology Leapfrogging: Findings from Singapore’s Water Industry
(Chitkara University Publications, 2010-10) Michele Y.C. Chew; Chihiro Watanabe; Yuji Tou
This paper illustrates Singapore’s strategy in catching up with global water treatment nations. Water is an important economic resource for Singapore, creating value-added jobs and stimulating research and development in various related technology trajectories. The analysis shows that from a nation lacking in competence in the water industry, Singapore has successfully transformed herself into a global hydrohub, exporting indigenous capabilities and offering consultancy for water projects. With long-term government policies and funding support for initial R&D and subsequent industry R&D inducement by means of the introduction of Public-Private Partnership (PPP) programme, Singapore has been able to build up her competence in waste water treatment. This is probably the first paper that analyses the development of the water industry in Singapore from the management of technology and policy perspectives.
Using the Genetic Algorithm for Optimization of the Integrated Urban Transportation Systems
(Chitkara University Publications, 2011-04) Sharam Gilani Nia; Bahram Sharif; Neda Habibzadeh; Musa Rezvani
Improving the public transportation problems should rely on integrated multidimensional transport policies which can soften the demand of infrastructure investment. However, it would be very difficult to fully consider the multi-dimensional transport polices in planning framework because there would be too many possible policy combinations to be evaluated. So, this study attempts to develop an analytic framework for evaluating urban integrated transport policies comprehensively, including strategies of investment, pricing, management and regulation. To deal with the difficulty of too many policy combinations, genetic algorithms will be used to search for the optimal strategy combination for integrated transport strategy. Finally, the relationship between quantified objectives, policy combinations, and assessment performances would be analyzed using the proposed model.
Synergy between Internet Technology and Traditional Media: A Perspective on Indian Marketers
(Chitkara University Publications, 2011-04) Meghna Rishi
There has been limited research in the Indian Internet advertising space and this paper explores the media preferences of Indian marketers highlighting their attitude towards the new medium. Since Internet penetration is rising in India, the research also identifies whether advertisers prefer a synergy between the traditional mediums and Internet Technology for their advertising campaigns. The paper is based on empirical research conducted amongst 69 Indian marketers/ advertisers belonging to New Delhi and Mumbai (India) and 50 Indian advertising/ online agency professionals. Advertisers have been chosen from industry verticals including Banking and Financial Institutions, Automobile, Fast Moving Consumer Durables (FMCG) and Telecom because they include the top advertising spenders in India (KPMG and FICCI, 2010). Views from advertising agency professionals, published in trade magazines, are considered to further substantiate the research findings through industry inputs. Based on some unique strengths of Internet advertising , Indian marketers respond positively towards including Internet in the media mix and believe in drawing synergy between Internet and traditional mediums. However they are still apprehensive about the efficacy of the medium. Indian advertising agency professionals consider it important to include Internet in the media mix, however they do not push the medium aggressively. The study identifies that Indian marketers and advertisers prefer to use Internet Technology and web advertising, in a campaign\’s media mix only when the campaign is also run on traditional mediums. In seclusion, the medium is not the preferred choice for advertising. The paper pinpoints the reasons for the slow acceptability of Internet advertising amongst Indian marketers and suggests learning of advertising agency professionals to leverage maximum benefit out this interactive medium. The paper also offers insight to academicians who wish to explore the changing dimensions in communication management
Information Systems and Quality Management in Healthcare Organization: An Empirical Study
(Chitkara University Publications, 2011-04) Sunil C. D’Souza; A.H. Sequeira
The paper explores current status of information systems, identifies gaps in the current information systems and assessment in healthcare organization. This paper is based on Critical Analysis of literature and a questionnaire is administered on administrative level employees of South Indian healthcare organizations. It has been identified that healthcare organization should have specific strategy and must implement measures derived from strategy. Data and information systems should be seen as business resources. The knowledge base of medical field is large and it is growing rapidly. Hence information system must be integrated across the enterprise. The results of the study determined the relationship between measurement, analysis and knowledge Management on performance. The Information system is the newest dimension among the MBNQA (Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award) criteria. The Information system performance was assessed in terms of management relevant data and information. The outcomes suggest that there is a growing recognition of the administrators about the importance and use of information systems as a critical resource in healthcare organizations. From the study it is inferred that information system analysis continues to be a challenge. The higher utilization of technology, computerization and the Internet has resulted in dramatic change in the quality performance of the Healthcare Organizations. The paper provides an empirical evidence that information system has an impact on performance in the context of healthcare organizations. The information system is a key performance area of Quality management and it has received limited attention in improving quality performance including MBNQA. Finally, the study concludes that there is an immense scope for altering current information systems and it should be aligned with the quality management environment.
Vibrant Eco-system Creation for Sustainability: A Lesson from Singapore’s Water Industry
(Chitkara University Publications, 2011-04) Michele Y.C. Chew; Chihiro Watanabe; Yuji Tou
Through a stepwise national strategy of importing technology, building indigenous capabilities through learning and assimilating imported technology to exporting the indigenous capabilities, Singapore has successfully caught up with the nations that are advanced in the technologies related to water treatment. From the macro-numerical phenomenon observed, this paper aims to provide both qualitative and quantitative evidences of this co-evolutionary dynamism between innovation and institutional systems. Realising the issue as a comprehensive technology chain and its substitution for traditional resources, sophisticated combination of government stimulation and industry participation leading to a Global Hydrohub has induced world leading-edge innovation involvement. Such a vibrant eco-system aiming at overcoming the constraints for sustainable growth can be applied not only to water management but also to energy and climate change issues. Policy makers in emerging economies can adapt the successful practices and note the pitfalls in establishing the vibrant eco-system that is essential for sustainable environmental solutions for their economies.
R&D Management Trends in the United States, India and China
(Chitkara University Publications, 2011-04) Tugrul U. Daim; Ashok Bhatla; Mohammad Mansour; Robert DeLay; Paul Nguyen
This study researches the Management of Research and Development (R&D) in the emerging economies of India and China and compares theirs with R&D in the United States (US). The purpose of this research is to forecast the future of R&D in these three countries. Because R&D is changing rapidly, particularly in China, understanding where they will be in the future is of interest to the scientific, academic, government and business segments of each country. Our research consisted of gathering industry standard measures of R&D from 1996 through 2009. These measures are as follows: R&D spending as a percentage of GDP (total government, industry and universities), researchers per million inhabitants, number of patents granted each year, number publications each year and total number of graduates in all programs in thousands. We gathered and logged the metrics for each year from 1996 through 2009 and used the historical data to forecast future positioning of R&D in these countries. An overview of each country is provided in the introductory portion of this paper. This provides the context for the historical performance of R&D and for expected future performance of R&D in the US, India and China.

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