JPTRM Vol. 5 No. 1 (May 2017)
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Item Cold Chain: A Lynchpin of National Immunization Program(Chitkara University Publications, 2017-05-05) Ashok PeepliwalCold chain management (CCM), a lynchpin of National Immunization Program (NIP) is to deliver the vaccines or other immunological products/ vaccines to right people, at right place, and in right time ineffective manner under the controlled conditions to ensure its potency. To comply it, CCM is required with standardized equipment’s and standard procedures to transport the immunological products to ensure the availability of high-quality vaccines and immunization-related materials to all levels of the program. It is vital to ensure accurate implementation of pertinent strategies focusing on vaccine storage; transportation, immunization, safety, management & monitoring. If the CCM is managed properly, the program costs can be reduced markedly without sacrificing the potency of product. Apart from that, high and unwanted vaccine wastage rates are due to poorly managed planning resulting into significant variation in operation program cost, improper management of waste with the negative impact on public health. The review enlightens on how vaccines are stored, transported and monitored to sustain immunological products/vaccines integrity throughout the way of their transportation emphasizing on the various equipment’s and logistic needs to cover the entire cold chain management rigorously till the reach of target population child/mother at the primary healthcare centers(PHCs).Item Screening of Antianxiety Activity of Habenaria Intermedia D. Don Fruits(Chitkara University Publications, 2017-05-05) Pawan Kumar; Reecha Madaan; Shabir SidhuHabenaria intermedia D. Don (Vriddhi; Orchidaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of nervous disorders, skin disorders and asthma. The available pharmacological reports on H. intermedia reveal that the plant has not been screened for antianxiety activity. Thus, it was envisaged to subject H. intermedia for screening of antianxiety activity using elevated plus maze model. The crude extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water extracts) of plant material were prepared successively in increasing order of polarity. The anxiolytic activity was assessed by comparing number of entries and average time spent by mice treated with test extracts (200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) in open arms of EPM with respect to control and standard drug, diazepam (2 mg/kg, p.o.). Significant antianxiety activity was observed in methanol extract with respect to control, whereas n-hexane, chloroform and water extracts did not exhibit antianxiety activity. It is further observed that antianxiety activity exhibited by the methanol extract was statistically not equivalent to the standard drug. Based on these observations, it is concluded that the methanol extract of H. intermedia exhibits mild anxiolytic activity.Item A Study of Prescribing Habits of Low Molecular Weight Heparin in Cardiovascular Disease in Tertiary Care Hospital(Chitkara University Publications, 2017-05-05) Madhaw Dwivedi; S. M. Biradar; Ajay Pandey; Anand P. Ambali; Rishu SharmaBackground and Objective: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the leading non-communicable diseases and also leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWHs) is frequently prescribed medication in CVDs. Prescribing pattern of LMWHs in CVDs is necessary to recommends modifications to achieve rational and cost-effective medical care. Methodology: An inpatients hospital based observational prospective study for a period of six months was carried out. Data was collected from patient medication sheet and analyzed by suitable methods and standard references. Results and Discussion: In our study, a total of 120 patients were enrolled out of 120 patients 84 were male and 36 were female. Antiplatelet drug is maximum prescribing drug in 98 (81.34%) patients out of 120, then after hypolipidaemic drugs in 94 (78.02%), Anticoagulant in 92 (76.36%), Antibiotics in 90 (74.70%), Antianginal in 69 (57.27), Antihypertensive in 64 (53.12%), Diuretics in 59 (48.97%). LMWHs are prescribed in 78 (65%) in which Enoxaparin is prescribed in 67(55%) and Dalteparin in 11(10%) patients out of 120 patients. Total 259 Drug-Drug Interactions (DDI) were found in which 67 were Major, 140 were Moderate, and 52 were Minor. Conclusion: The study show LMWHs are highly prescribed category of anticoagulant. Enoxaparin is prescribed morethan Dalteparin. Antiplatelet drugs are prescribed to every patient who is prescribed with LMWHs to prevent embolic event. Chance of DDI is increases with these combinations. LMWHs and Fibrinolytic drugs are very costly and impart maximum economic burden to middle class family.Item Analytical Review on Raloxifene -An Estrogen Receptor Modulator in Different Pharmaceutical Formulations and Biological Fluids(Chitkara University Publications, 2017-05-05) Ashwini v. Gujar; Anand B. Mundada; Atul A. ShirkhedkarRaloxifene (RLX) is an oral selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM). It is showing estrogenic action on bone and anti-estrogenic action on uterus and breast. An extensive literature has been published for analysis of RLX in different pharmaceutical formulations. This review article endeavor to provide the detail account on analytical methods for RLX and also validation details for its readers. It further helps to avoid costly chemicals and time consuming exercises for further investigation of RLX.Item Pharmacognostic Standardization of Biophytum Sensitivum Dc(Chitkara University Publications, 2017-05-05) Manisha; Kumar SureshBiophytum sensitivum DC. (Family – Oxalidaceae) is a traditional drug used in treating various ailments especially in mental disorders. The present study was envisaged to establish pharmacognostic standards of the plant so that authentic plant can be selected for research purpose. Heavy metal content, microbial load, aflatoxins contamination and pesticide residues were also examined to substantiate the standardization data. Transverse section of the root was cut and showed the presence of root hair, cork, cortex, pericyclic region, vascular bundles and pith whereas the stem showed the presence of trichomes, cork, cortex, pericylic fibres, xylem and phloem. Alcohol soluble extractive value was slightly higher than water soluble extractive values. Total ash, water soluble ash, acid-insoluble ash and sulphated ash were found to be 8.80, 5.26, 1.90 and 0.35% w/w respectively. Foreign matter, loss on drying, swelling index and foaming index were found to be nil, 8.50% w/w, nil, and less than 100 ml respectively. Microbial load, heavy metals and pesticide residues complied with the limits as described by WHO. Flavonoids, tannins, saponins, proteins and amino acids were present in the plant.Item Standardization of Some Commercial Anti-diabetic Herbal Products containing Syzygiumcumini(Chitkara University Publications, 2017-05-05) Jasmeen Kaur; Munish Singla; Balraj Saini; Gulshan BansalAn isocratic HPLC method was developed for standardization of five commercially available products containing S. cumini seeds (DIABECON, MADHULENE, HYPONIDD, D-FIT and DIABEGON)using methylxanthoxylin (MXX)as marker. The method was validated in accordance with ICH Q2(R1) guidelines. The chromatographic separation of MXX was achieved on a C18 column by mobile phase composed of methanol and water (60:40%v/v) at a flow rate 0.5 mL/min. The eluent was detected at 280 nm. The method was linear over concentration of 1-200 μg/mL with correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The LOD and LOQ were 0.175 and 0.530 µg/mL, respectively. The method was precise (%RSD <0.31), accurate and robust for determination of MXX in herbal extracts. The content of MXX in the seed extract was found to be 0.0433%w/w while it was ranging from 0.026- 0.041%w/w in the products. The content of MXX was found to be equivalent to the pure seed extract only in DIABECON tablets and D-FIT soft gelatine capsules while it was found to be significantly less in the other formulations.Item WHO Guided Real Time Stability Testing on Shankhpushpi Syrup(Chitkara University Publications, 2017-05-05) Astha Jain; Jasmeen Kaur; Nancy; Yogita Bansal; Balraj Saini; Gulshan BansalShankhpushpiis widely used herb in numerous CNS active Ayurvedic formulations, which are consumed by population of all age groups. The present study is designed to evaluate the stability of commercially available shankhpushpi syrup as per WHO guidelines. The study was conducted under long term conditions for 12 months on three different batches of the product. An HPLC-UV method was developed and validated to determine the marker (scopoletin) content in the stability samples. Peak purity was determined using HPLC-PDA analysis. Each stability sample was investigated for any change in physical, chemical and biological parameters with respect to control sample. The product was found to be stable in terms of physical parameters whereas significant change was observed in total phenolic content and content of scopoletin. The antioxidant, acetylcholine esterase inhibitory and antianxiety activities of the stability samples decreased with respect to control sample. Moreover, there was significant variation in chemical and biological parameters among the batches. The findings suggested that the product was unstable and further studies are required to be conducted in order to determine the shelf life of the product.