JPTRM Vol. 9 No. 2 (November 2021)

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    Low Dose Aspirin as Prophylaxis Reduces the Incidence of Preeclampsia in Women at High Risk – A Review
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Riya M Cherian
    Only pregnant women are susceptible to preeclampsia, a disorder that raises blood pressure and results in proteinuria, edema, or both. Although aspirin is not widely used due to safety and efficacy concerns, it is thought that high-risk pregnant women who take low doses of aspirin can avoid preeclampsia. Several clinical studies are been out on high-risk female patients to prevent preeclampsia with low dose aspirin (60-150 mg). Using a combination of keywords, the literature database that is available on multiple peer-reviewed national and international journals was searched electronically. Between 8 and 28 weeks of gestation, aspirin 100 mg or 150 mg was given together with a placebo to high-risk pregnant women in 11 RCTs. According to the existing research, preeclampsia and its associated foetal and maternal problems can be prevented or when high-risk pregnant women are given low-dose aspirin between 12 and 28 weeks of gestation, especially at night, the risk is decreased.
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    Importance of Pharmacovigilance in Ayurveda
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Susheel Kumar; Rashmi Arora; Ritchu Babbar; Rajwinder Kaur
    Introduction: Ayurveda has been introduced in India around 1500 BC. Ayurvedic medicines are more accepted these days as people are looking out for the natural medications. The major function of this system is to preserve the normal wellness of people and to cure the patient. These medicines, which are generally considered as safer, are now in the aura of doubt, due to some of the recent incidences of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR), during their usage. Objective: Pharmacovigilance is an important step in Ayurveda to overcome and continuously monitor the ADR. Pharmacovigilance is the law and regulations for pharma industries, which deal with the detection, assessment, monitoring, understanding, prevention and reporting of adverse effects of medicines. Thus, this is the recurrent theme of ayurvedic pharmacology (dravyagunavigyan) and healing (chikitsa). The most important aim of pharmacovigilance, that is to enhance patient care and safety of the drug use, and as a result elevate rational drug use are recurring premise of ayurvedic pharmacology cology (dravyagunavigyan) and therapeutics (chikitsa). Methods: The data was collected from different websites and databases such as PubMed, Biomedical Sciences, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, WHO, Bentham science etc. A total of 80 articles were downloaded, studied, categorized and 52 were selected to write the manuscript. Results and Conclusion: There is requirement of an appropriate post-clinical surveillance program for ayurvedic drugs based on its quality, safety, and efficacy, for public health and disease management, which is now accessible in National Pharmacovigilance Programme for ASU (Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani) drugs, Ayurveda has explained a broad hypothesis on homeopathy medicines, in relation with its usage, causal ADR, treatment and its prevention. Spontaneous reporting of ADR related to Ayurveda plays an essential role in the identification and detection of new signals and communicating novel research questions.
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    Sanitizer: Corona and Boom in the Market
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Malkiet Kaur; Vivekanand Vishvakarma; Manju Nagpal
    Background: Hand hygiene is a simple and efficient strategy for minimizing illness transmission in public and clinical settings. The development of SARS-CoV-2 has created enormous challenge to global public health. Currently, the efforts to prevent COVID-19 are supportive with a goal of minimizing transmission. Method: In this review, an extensive literature search was performed with help of various search engines such as Google, Google Scholar, sci-hub, Science direct, Pub med. The authors have summarized the active ingredients and mechanism of action of benzalkonium chloride and alcohol against bacteria and viruses. Various research reports and patents that have been formulated hand sanitizers to prevent virus has been compiled in this article. Results: From the literature, it was observed that alcohol-based hand sanitizers can efficiently disturb the activity of encapsulated bacteria’s or viruses. Researchers found that there are various forms of hand sanitizer’s i.e. liquid, gel, foam, spray and wipes and recommending best method of delivery out of these is difficult. Two basic requirements of hand sanitizers for maintaining hand hygiene is its compliance and its coverage to the whole hand. Conclusions: The viruses and bacteria’s causing disease should be successful in eliminating them with the help of current hand hygiene solutions. After reviewing the literature, it is concluded that there is a vast scope in development of hand hygiene products.
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    Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Phytoconstituents in Alzheimer’s Disease
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Vivek Rihal; Heena Khan; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Introduction: Herbal plants have been widely used in traditional medicines for improving cognitive decline and age-related loss of memory since ancient times. Medicinal plants, it is claimed, contain various active components, and they have a widely used synthetic medication option for treating cognitive and associated issues. Herbal medicines have aided in advancing medicine, and several innovative pharmaceuticals have already developed. For example, much research has backed the use of phytoconstituents in herbal medicines to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Progressive memory loss, linguistic difficulties, melancholy, anxiety, mood swings, and psychosis are some of these symptoms. Objective: A systemic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) database was carried out to understand the study till March 2021. Conclusion: Although neurofibrillary tangle and cholinergic dysfunction, -amyloid plaquesdevelopment are critical features of AD, it is also linked to oxidative damage, disruption of other neurotransmitters, high levels of AGEs, neuroinflammation, hereditary and environmental variables. On the one hand, because of this complex etiology, responses to routinely used medications like memantine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are unpredictable and frequently poor. On the other hand, their nonspecific anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect and particular cholinesterase inhibitory activity support the use of herbal medications. Herbal drugs are also gaining popularity as a result of their supposed efficacy, safety, and accessibility.
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    Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Phytoconstituents in Stroke
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Heena Khan; Vivek Rihal; Thakur Gurjeet Singh; Amarjot Kaur Grewal
    Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a prominent global cause of death and disability. Other than employingischemic stroke treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, which must be administered within 3 hours of an acute incident and carries a high risk of hemorrhagic complications, there is currentlya few effective stroke treatment should be done. Herbal medicines, mainly derived from plants, are an excellent source for developing novel therapeutic agents for a wide range of human illnesses. In additionally, the multifaceted influence of herbal medicine and its active ingredients on stroke aetiology may indicate a bright future for natural medicine in stroke therapy. Objective: Herbal medications are effective in stroke therapy because of their anti apoptotic, neuroprotective, anti inflammatory, and vascular protecting effects. Although herbal remedies are often thought of as safe and effective, there is a frequent misconception that if a treatment is effective, it must have side effects. As a result, herbal remedies are either useless or have undesirable side effects as medications. A sizeable portion of the populations in many developed countries relies on traditional healers and their supply of medicinal plants to suit their medical needs. Conclusion: Even after due to historical and cultural factors, herbal medicines have typically retained their popularity despite the advent of modern medicine alongside such ancient therapies. Additionally, herbal remedies are more advantageous for chronic health issues like stroke. This review looks at the possible mechanism of Action for the Valuable Effects of Herbal Medicines in stroke patients.