JPTRM Vol. 10 No. 1 (May 2022)

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https://demodspace.chitkara.edu.in/handle/123456789/139

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    Formulation Strategies for Nose-to-Brain Drug Delivery
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-05-07) Manisha Vohra; Mohammad Amir; Amit Sharma; Sheetu Wadhwa
    Background: Neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Dementia, and others are becoming more common globally due to people’s changing lifestyles. Furthermore, the presence of the Blood-Brain barrier and other limitations of oral and other routes of administration makes drug delivery to the brain somewhat tricky.As a result, numerous novel drug delivery systems are being developed for drug administration to the brain. However, nose-to-brain administration is one of the most effective, safe, and non-invasive methods. Purpose: To discuss nose-to-brain deliveryas a novel drug delivery system in the treatment of various brain disorders and to provide information about various formulation strategies designed to deliver the drug to the brain effectively. Methods: A preliminary search was conducted in the PubMed, OVID Medline, Embase, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases using keywords such as “Intranasal delivery, nose-to-brain drug transport, formulations for intranasal delivery.” Results: Various marketed formulations for nose-to-brain drug delivery are listed in this review, like naringenin, donepezil, pentamidine, rivastigmine,efavirenz, desvenlafaxine,lamotrigine, haloperidol,nimodipine, olanzapine, valproic acid, ovalbumin,clonazepam,fentanyl citrate, nifedipine in the form of poloxamer chitosan-based nano-formulation, nano-emulsion, chitosan niosomes, chitosan containing emulsion, solid-lipid nanoparticles,PLGA-chitosan nanoparticles, solution, mucoadhesive microemulsion,nanostructured lipid carriers, cationic liposomes,peptide-attached liposomes, multimellar liposomes with their research findings in treating various brain disorders. Conclusion: This review discusses nose-to-brain drug delivery processes, the pathway for its action, advantages over other delivery routes, barriers to this system, and current formulation strategies for nose-to-brain transport.
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    Application of Microcrystalline Cellulose Powders Obtained from Gossypiumherbaceum As Dry Binder in the Formulation of Diazepam Tablets
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-05-07) Nkemakolam Nwachukwu; SabinusIfeanyi Ofoefule
    Background: Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is a popular dry binder in tablet formulation. Differences in its processing methods can significantly affect its tableting properties. Aim Assessment of the tableting and in-vitro release properties of diazepam tablets formulated with Gossypiumherbaceum (GH) derived MCC that was dried by two different methods. Methods: G.herbaceum bolls were de-lignified in sodium hydroxide solutions to obtain α- cellulose which was hydrolyzed with 2.0 N hydrochloric acid to obtain MCC. The neutralized damp MCC was separated into two portions. One portion was fluid bed dried (MCC-GossF) while the other portion was lyophilized (MCC-GossL). Diazepam tablets were prepared with 20, 30 and 40%w/w of MCC-GossF and MCC-GossL..Avicel PH 102 (AVH-102) served as comparing standard. The formulations were evaluated using standard methods. Results: The powders flowed well and the tablets met with British Pharmacopoiea specifications. Diazepam tablets containing MCC-GossL (DGL) were stronger than those of MCC-GossF (DCF) (p<0.05). The disintegration times were < 2 min and friability ≤ 1%. The strength of tablets containing AVH-102 (DAV) compared well with those of DGL tablets. More than 80% of diazepam was released from the tablets. Conclusion: The GH MCCs served as good dry binders in the formulation of diazepam tablets.
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    In Silico ADMET and Docking Study of Selected Drug Used in Therapy of COVID-19
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-05-07) Sagar Ashok Jadhav; Payal Pandurang Chavan; Supriya Suresh Shete; Dipti Shantisagar Patil; Saroj Dyandev Kolekar; Godfrey Rudolph Mathews; Dipak Babaso Bhingardeve; Pravin Kondiba Pawar
    Docking is one of the most widely utilized technique used method in structure -based drug design because of its capability to predict the binding conformation of ligands to appropriate target. Ability of binding/ affinity towards the target i.e., bioactive peptides or specific receptor provides strong evidence of binding conformation pattern and affinity for further investigation. Aim- The present study was conducted for evaluation of current API’s potential used in COVID-19. Methods: In-silico molecular docking was performed using softwares such as SWISS ADME, MOLSOFT, MOLINSPIRATION, PYMOL, AUTO-DOCK VINA AND BIOVIA DS VISUALIZER. Results: The current research comprehend the drug likeliness character of selected API’s and their binding affinity with various targets selected by SWISS TARGET PREDICTION. Conclusion: The present investigation suggests that all the targets follow Lipinski rule of five except Remdesivir and Anakinra besides which it possesses enhanced binding affinity toward targets, the binding energy of the protein ligand interaction additionally confirms that the ligand fits into the dynamite pockets which proves to be evident for further in- vivo and in-vitro evaluations.
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    Phytoconstituents in Breast Cancer Prevention
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-05-07) Shreya Sood; Sushma Devi; Thakur Gurjeet Singh; Amarjot Kaur; Vinita Singh; Prinsi Sahpuriya
    Background: In today’s developing nations, breast cancer (BC) is among the foremost risk factor for women. The causes of mortality are still unclear, yet they are frequently related to socioeconomic level and way of life. Numerous clinical therapies have been employed up to this point, i.e.,radiotherapy, hormonal treatment, targeted treatment,mastectomy, and treatment with drugs etc. Purpose: However, resistance development to chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation and hormonal therapy is one of the common problems for many of the patients with BC.Numerous studies have looked at the anti-cancer potential of natural products due to the fact that they are generally safe.Researchers’ interest is being drawn by phytochemicals from plants that are thought to be bioactive. In this review the formation and progression of breast cancer were also studied, along with the mode’s of activity and regulatory function of these phytoconstituents in major signalling networks within the cell. Conclusion:Phytoconstituents in Breast Cancer Prevention have potential future as well as the difficulties. So, need more study and instructions for experimental animals, medical research, and experimental in vitro and in vivo methods are critically evaluated.
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    A Coherent Analytical Review of Indapamide
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-05-07) A.P. Rajput; A.P. Edlabadkar
    Background: Indapamide is a diuretic of particular importance in an antihypertensive therapeutic regime that is profoundly applied to treat hypertension. Besides using as an individual drug for its diuretic and thereby antihypertensive effect, the drug is also a part of crucial combinations with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme inhibitors. The recent combinations of Indapamide with Perindopril and Delapril work as the best therapies for heart patients. Purpose: Considering the therapeutic and pharmaceutical importance of the drug molecule and its potential to be explored in future drug discovery and delivery, we made efforts to portray the pharmaceutical analytical profile of the drug molecule at ease. Method: The present article is a composition entailing the comparative and critical evaluation of the various analytical approaches explored for the pharmaceutical estimation ofIndapamide as a particular drug in combinations and pharmaceutical as well as biological matrices. The analyses are reviewed for the specificapplications of analytical methods tested Indapamide alone or with other medications. Result: The anticipated study revealed the comparative usage of different research techniques for Indapamide estimation. The study influences the possibility of constraints and focuses on the recent trend in Indapamide analysis. The article also provides an understanding of sample processing, drug extraction method, validation protocols/approaches, and stability studies, including but not limited to the bioanalytical perspectives. Conclusion: This review can be explored thoroughly for the future analytical and pharmaceutical insights of Indapamide to the fullest.
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    Mechanistic role of herbals as alternative therapy for epilepsy
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-05-07) Diksha Sharma; Veerta Sharma; Gaaminepreet Singh; Thakur Gurjeet Singh; Amarjot Kaur Grewal
    Botanicals and herbs have been used by people with epilepsy for ages in various cultures across the world. Patients in both developing and developed nations are currently using herbal remedies to manage seizures or side effects from antiepileptic medicines (AEDs). The deleterious effects of AED medication have a greater impact on the patient’s life than seizures. Alternative remedies should be used to treat and manage epilepsy because synthetic pharmaceuticals have risks. Epilepsy may be managed and treated using herbal medicines that have fewer negative effects than pharmaceutical medications. Therefore, the current review discusses about the herbal drugs used in treatment of epilepsy.
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    Moorva – A Drug Of Controversial Identity: Review
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-05-07) Gulsheen; Anupam Sharma
    Introduction: Over the past few years, there has been a huge surge of interest towards Ayurvedic system of medicine, and it has become a subject of intensive research for various aspects. However, variation in the languages and prevalence of folklore medicines has led to confusion in the true identity of different plants having similar name. Moreover, the description of a plant in the ancient literature is found in verses, having ample use of synonyms. These synonyms have caused controversy in the identification of plants and, hence, the correct source of the plant could be misleading. Background: Since herbal products are generally prepared using extracts of plants known for particular activity, the controversial source sometimes may lead to preparation of inefficacious medicines. Review Results: Substantial efforts are being made to standardize the Ayurvedic crude drugs as well as finished Ayurvedic medicines. However, these initiatives imperatively need establishing correct identity of the plant drug. Moorva is an important controversial drug in Ayurveda. Its roots are used for thetreatment of various disorders. Five different plants are considered as Moorva throughout India. Only preliminary pharmacognostic reports are available on these five species. Conclusion: The present review aims at differentiating these five sources of Moorva roots, i.e., C.fragrans, H.isora, M.arenaria, S.roxburghiana and Marsdeniatenacissima.