JMRH Vol. 8 No. 01 (October 2021)
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Item Enduring Scars: A Comprehensive Review of the Long-Term Effects of Childhood Trauma(Chitkara University Publications, 2021-10-16) Neeta Austin Singha; Navita Gupta; Sandeep Kumar GoyalBackground: Childhood is a formative period in any person’s life. Sometimes trauma during this phase may have adverse effects which may last an individual’s lifetime. WHO has described child-hood maltreatment as all forms of physical and/or emotional abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, or life-threatening or other abuse, secondary to actual or latent harm to the child’s health, life, and progress. There are four different types of childhood trauma, namely “physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional/psychological abuse, and neglect” which can be further categorized as physical neglect and emotional neglect. Purpose: The incidents of trauma may alter the thinking and learning process, leading to engagement in behaviours such as drug abuse. Childhood trauma leaves many trails such as anxiety issues, anger issues and fear of happiness. Resilience and a supportive environment may lead to improvements and decreased duration of the effects of childhood trauma. Also, previous studies suggest that resilience level is low among childhood trauma patients. Individuals with better resilience and coping mechanisms seem to have a better quality of life. Conclusion: This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the long-term effects of childhood trauma and highlight its profound impact on various aspects of human life. There is a huge impact of childhood trauma on the mental and physical well-being of an individual.Item Visumax Femtosecond Laser Impact on Myopic Residual Refractive Error(Chitkara University Publications, 2021-10-16) Kaushal Kishor Sahu; Sachitanand Singh; Renu ThakurBackground: Compare the residual refractive power following “small incision lenticule extraction” (SMILE) surgical correction in myopic patients with moderate to severe myopia and myopic astigmatism. Aim: To study the pre op with post op residual refractive status comparison in low to high myopia and myopic astigmatism patients under gone ReLEx SMILE operation. Methods: Prospective comparative analysis with 65 eyes of 33 patients classified into three groups19: mild myopia -1.00 to -3.00 D, moderate myopia -3.25 to -6.00 D, and high myopia -6.25 to -10.00 D, comprising spherical and cylindrical using spherical equivalent (SE). Using the SMILE surgery, each patient were corrected for myopic refractive error. Retinoscope was conducted preoperatively and postoperatively one day and one month following surgery, respectively. Results: Pre op 1 day and 1 month are showing a significant and gradual decrease where low and high myopia are compared, which is statistically significant for both one day (0.007) and one month (0.001) post operatively, but low to moderate (0.282) and moderate to high (0.147) post operatively 1 day and 1 month it is not statistically significant. This indicates that high myopia has greater residual power than low and moderate myopia. Conclusion: This research concludes that residual power increases as myopia increases in severity. As the objective residual power after SMILE surgery is less than +/- 0.50D in approximately 75% – 80% of eyes, SMILE surgery is a suitable alternative for refractive surgery correction with less complications than other refractive surgery techniques.Item The Adverse Effect of COVID-19 towards UK Healthcare Workers Mental Health: Critical Review of the Literature(Chitkara University Publications, 2021-10-16) Boby Leeladhara; Biju MathewBackground: The pandemic changed healthcare priorities all over the world, resulting in increased pressure on healthcare workers. Studies conducted in other countries reveal a significant mental health burden of the pandemic on healthcare workers. However, only a few studies have focused on UK healthcare workers, which can demonstrate variations in healthcare systems from one country to another. Purpose: To examine the mental health impacts of COVID-19 on frontline UK healthcare workers and point to interventions to mitigate and minimise mental health problems caused by the pandemic. Methods: This review article used an interpretivist philosophy and an inductive approach. Electronic bibliographic databases were searched using relevant search terms. Primary studies published between 2020 and 2021 were selected. Only studies conducted in the United Kingdom were considered for inclusion. Results: Ten studies were retrieved and critiqued. It was discovered that anxiety, depression, and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder were the most reported mental health issues among frontline UK healthcare workers during the pandemic. Healthcare workers who experienced moral injury, the situation where moral dilemmas make healthcare workers feel incompetent, were at higher risk of developing the above mental health issues. These mental health issues had a negative impact on the healthcare workers’ work performance. This was predominantly due to the burnout, stress, and low motivation. The health workers in UK preferred psychosocial support as the most favourable Mental Health support intervention. However, there were reported disparities in the provision and access of the mental health support intervention at various regions within UK health care system. Conclusions: It was concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant mental health burden on frontline UK healthcare workers.