JPTRM Vol. 3 No. 1 (May 2015)
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Item Antiamnesic Activity of Extracts and Fraction of Desmodium Gangeticum(Chitkara University Publications, 2015-05-20) Kritika Mahajan; Deepak Kumar; Suresh KumarDesmodium gangeticum D.C. (Salpani; family – Papilionaceae) has been traditionally used in the treatment of various ailments especially in dementia. Thus, it was planned to screen antiamnesic activity of D. gangeticum to validate its traditional claims. Properly identified powdered plant material was extracted successively using solvents in increasing order of polarity viz., n-hexane, chloroform, methanol and water. All the extracts were administered at the doses of 200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o. for six successive days to mice. The antiamnesic activity of crude extracts was evaluated against scopolamine (0.6 mg/kg, i.p.) induced amnesia using well established exteroceptive behavioural model, i.e., elevated plus maze (EPM). The efficacy of test drugs was statistically compared with the standard memory enhancing drug, piracetam (100 mg/kg, p.o.). A standardized procedure was adopted to prepare alkaloidal fraction from D. gangeticum roots, which was also evaluated for antiamnesic activity at the doses of 25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o. The chloroform extract and alkaloidal fraction of the plant significantly reversed the amnesia induced by the scopolamine at the dose of 400 and 50 mg/kg, respectively, with respect to control. The antiamnesic activity shown by the chloroform extract and alkaloidal fraction of the plant was statistically equivalent to the standard drug. It is concluded that alkaloids are responsible for antiamnesic activity of D. gangeticum roots.Item Synthesis,Characterization and Biological studies on Mannich Bases of 2-Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives(Chitkara University Publications, 2015-05-20) Ritchu Sethi; Sandeep Arora; Sandeep Jain; Neelam JainIn the present study novel derivatives of 2-substituted benzimidazoles were prepared via Mannich reaction and evaluated for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against two gram negative strains (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa), two gram positive strains (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal strains (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger).The synthesized compounds were also screened for antioxidant activity.The newly synthesized compounds were characterized by spectral and analytical techniques.The results revealed that all the synthesized compounds have a significant antioxidant and biological activity against the tested microorganisms.Item Pharmaceutical Analysis of Eptifibatide via Simple, Rapid, Economical UV-Spectrophotometric Methods(Chitkara University Publications, 2015-05-20) Sushant S. Patil; Saurabh B. Ganorkar; Atul A. ShirkhedkarEptifibatide is an antiplatelet drug of the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor class. Pharmaceutically it is applied to reduce the risk of acute cardiac ischemic events. The present work reveals two simple, rapid and economical UuV-Spectrophotometric methods for pharmaceutical analysis of Eeptifibatide bulk and in parenteral formulation. The ‘Method I’ is based on the Zero Order Spectrophotometric determination of drug at its wavelength maximum 218.20 nm and ‘Method II’ employed First Order Derivative – Aarea Uunder Curve (AUauC) technique in which the area has been integrated between two wavelengths 220.20 to 237.20 nm. The drug obeyed linearity in the concentration range of 3 – 18 μg/mLl with coefficient of correlation; greater than 0.999 in both methods. The amounts of drug determined by both methods are in conformity with label claim. These methods are validated for accuracy, precision and ruggedness with % RSD value less than 2.0.Item Clinical Symptoms and Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis(Chitkara University Publications, 2015-05-20) Ashwani Arya; Sahil Kumar; Rakesh K SindhuMultiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic form, progressive and immune mediated central nervous system disorder that affects both adults and children. MS is characterized by the development of multiple lesions with the nerve fibers in the spinal cord, optic nerves and brain. Multiple sclerosis affects the approximately 2.5 million people worldwide. A triad of symptoms characterize the disease: fatigue, changes in sensation, ataxia, muscle weakness, dysarthria, dysphagia, visual problems, chronic or acute pain, difficulties of bladder and bowel. The diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis is made on the foundation of the signs and symptoms, with magnetic resonance imaging and additional laboratory tests playing a helpful role. Every tests are non precise and simply supply supportive indication for diagnosis. A few people have a inadequate number of “relapses” or “attacks” and remain fairly healthy for decades, others may worsen rapidly from the time of analysis, through shortened lifespan and poor excellence of the life. The prognosis is problematical to forecast; it depends on the initial symptom, subtype of the illness, the individual patient’s disorder characteristics. The substantial variability in multiple sclerosis manifestations leads to elevated figure of misdiagnoses each year, but advances in knowledge and pharmaceuticals are leading to more exact identification and successful management. Early diagnosis and management is essential in reducing the severity of disease.Item Formulation and Evaluation of Moxifloxacin Hydrochloride Niosomes for Controlled Ophthalmic Drug Delivery(Chitkara University Publications, 2015-05-20) Varinder Kaur; Pravin PawarThe objective of present invesigation was to formulate and evaluate a niosomal delivery system of moxifloxacin hydrchloride for the treatment of ocular infections. Moxifloxacin-loaded niosomes were prepared by using thin film hydration technique and were investigated for surface pH, morphology, entrapment, in-vitro release, TEeM (transmission electron microscopy), physical stability & ocular irritancy test. The release study profile was subjected to release kinetics models. Aall the vesicles were uniform and spherical in size. The drug relaese pattern of all formulation follows decreasing order: MN3 > MN6 > MN9 > MN5 > MN2 > MN1 > MN8 > MN4 > MN7. The formulation MN3 (span 60: cholesterol) molar ratio produce faster release of drug i.e. 77.98% after 12 hours, concluded less sustained action. The study concluded that the moxifloxacin loaded niosomes to be effective in sustaining the drug release leading to decreased side effects and increased patient compliance.Item A Review on Role of Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs) in Rheumatoid Arthritis(Chitkara University Publications, 2015-05-20) Ravinder Kumar; Sandeep Arora; Pratima Syal; Mayank SippyRheumatoid arthritis (RAa) is a systemic inflammatory connective tissue disease with polyarthritis as a prominent feature; however, extra-articular symptoms and signs are always present. Aadvanced glycation end products with ability of cross-linking of proteins characteristic fluorescence and reaction with AaGEe-specific receptor RAaGEe (receptor for AaGEes). AaGEes action as well as AaGEe formation is directly related to both to inflammation and oxidative stress. RAaGEe is a 35-kDa polypeptide whose gene is located at the junction of the class II and III HLAla regions on chromosome. ligation of RAaGEe has been shown to activate p21ras and mitogen-activated protein (MAaP) kinase, and stimulate nuclear translocation of the transcription factor NF-κB, thereby, resulting in the transcription of target genes thus may induce chronic cellular activation and tissue damage.