JPTRM Vol. 1 No. 1 (May 2013)
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Item Investigation of the Effects of Cellulose Derivatives on the Kinetics of Drug Release from Cellulose-Based Hydrogel Using a Response Surface Method(Chitkara University Publications, 2013-05) S. Lefnaoui; N. Moulai-MostefaThe aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the nature and concentration of cellulose derivatives on the release kinetics of ibuprofen from hydrogel matrices using a response surface method (RSM). A series of cellulose derivatives, as methyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxypropyl methyl celluloses (MC, HEC, HPC and HPMC) were used as polymer platforms and their impacts on drug release were studied and compared to those obtained with a reference formulation prepared with HEC. It was shown that the use of HPMC in the gel formulation contributes to the improvement of drug release and consequently its biodisponibility. Indeed, the increase in HPMC concentration forms a controlled system release because polymer chains relaxation. The drug is released under the effects of two phenomena: diffusion and relaxation of polymeric chains. Thus, the kinetic release passes from the kinetics of case II towards Fickian diffusion.Item Cytoprotective Activity of Adhatoda Vasica Extract and Vasicine Against Tobacco Smoke Induced Cytoxicity(Chitkara University Publications, 2013-05) Rachana; Mamta Pant; Sujata BasuThe present study was undertaken to investigate the protection against cytotoxicity due to tobacco smoke by Adhatoda vasica and Vasicine. The antioxidant potential of AVE was analyzed through in vitro assays. The protective effect of Adhatoda vasica extract (AVE) and vasicine were analyzed in TSE treated group through MTT assay and microscopic analysis.A dose dependent increase in reducing power of AVE was observed. Treatment of A549 & THP-1 cell lines with 1-2 µg/ml (AVE) & 0.01-0.02 µg/ml (Vasicine) respectively for 3 hrs maintained the cell viability. Approximately 50% cell death was observed at 2% & 5% TSE on 24 hrs exposure. Pre-treatment of cell lines with AVE & Vasicine (2µg/ml & 0.02 µg/ml) respectively could overcome the toxic effect of TSE. This study showed that AVE has a great potential in reducing the toxic effects of A549 &THP-1 cell lines.Item Modified Excipients in Novel Drug Delivery: Need of the Day(Chitkara University Publications, 2013-05) Neha Kanojia; Loveleen Kaur; Manju Nagpal; Rajni BalaDrug products not only contain “actives” that confer the intended therapeutic benefits such as pain relief or act on particular part of the body, but contain other materials that are also “functional” with respect to the drug product. These are known as excipients and specific functionality which they confer to a particular product is independent upon the process used to add the excipient to the formulation and its exact location within the final dosage form. Introduction of novel drug delivery systems and new drug moieties lead to the need for new excipients with varied characteristics. Development of new excipient entities and their evaluation is a costly procedure; modification of existing excipients is very easy, more economical and less time consuming. The development of excipients that are capable of fulfilling multifunctional roles such as enhancing drug bioavailability and drug stability as well as controlling the release of the drug according to the therapeutic needs is one of the most important prerequisites for further progress in the design of novel drug delivery systems. The main focus of this article is on synthetic novel excipients that perform multiple functions in pharmaceutical formulations.Item Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Some Novel Imidazole Derivatives for Their Potential Anti-hypertensive Activity(Chitkara University Publications, 2013-05) Anju Goyal; Jitender Singh; Dharam Pal PathakBenzimidazole, which is a heterocyclic nucleus, plays an important role in various medicines. A number of therapeutic agents such as H1 antihistaminic agent clemizole, a potent opioid analgesic etonitazene, nonnucleoside antiviral compound enviroxime, for promotion of excretion of uric acid irtemazole, non sedating antihistaminic agent astemizole, anti ulcer drugs omeprazole and pentoprazole, antihelmintic thiabendazole, antinematodal nocodazole etc. are based on benzimidazole heterocyclic nucleus. The synthesis of various benzimidazole derivatives by the reaction of ortho phenylene diamine I with various organic acids to yield 2-substituted benzimidazole derivatives II which on further treatment with nitric acid and sulphuric acid yielded 5-nitro-2-substituted benzimdazoles III. Coupling of this compound with halogenated beta picoline V yielded the title compounds. The structures of synthesized compounds were elucidated mainly by spectral evidence. All the compounds were screened for their anti-hypertensive activity. The compounds exhibited moderate to signiicant activities.Item Surfactants: Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Aspects(Chitkara University Publications, 2013-05) Bhupinder Singh SekhonSurfactants are amphipathic substances with lyophobic and lyophilic groups and are critical components in pharmaceutical products. Surfactants have several uses in pharmaceuticals, i) for solubilisation of hydrophobic drugs in aqueous media, ii) as components of emulsions ,iii) surfactant self-assembly vehicles for oral and transdermal drug delivery, iv) as plasticizers in semisolid delivery systems, and v) as agents to improve drug absorption and penetration. Non-ionic surfactants such as ethers of fatty alcohols are most commonly used in pharmaceuticals. Cationic surfactants are capable of exerting antibacterial properties by disrupting bacterial cell membranes. In pharmaceutical processing, phospholipid lecithin, bile salts, certain fatty acids and their derivatives have become indispensable since they afford a uniquely effective and eficient mechanism of drug carriage by solubilising the drugs of fatty origin. The antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities make biosurfactants relevant molecules for applications in combating many diseases and as therapeutic agents. Biosurfactants have the potential for use as major immunomodulatory molecules, as anti-adhesive biological coating for biomaterials, in vaccines and gene therapy, and they may be incorporated into probiotic preparations to combat urogenetical tract infections and pulmonary immunotherapy. Gemini surfactants are effective potential transfection agents for non-viral gene therapy. Ionic liquids act as secondary surfactants and the use of surfactant/ionic liquid systems should be explored to build speciic properties in the organized medium, and to explore pharmaceutical applications of traditional, biosurfactant and Gemini surfactants.Item In Vitro Anti-Staphylococcal Activity of Alkaloids from the Leaves of Callestimone Rigidus R.Br(Chitkara University Publications, 2013-05) Charu Gomber; Sanjai SaxenaMultidrug resistant Staphylococcus aureus poses a severe global threat worldwide due to their prevalence, genomic plasticity and limited therapeutic options being refractory to most antibiotic classes. This necessitates the discovery of new anti-staphylococcal interventions. Callistemon rigidus R.Br. (Myrtaceae) has been found to possess antibacterial potential against clinical isolates. Thied me study was a isolate and evaluate the antibacterial alkaloids from the leaves of Callistemon rigidus and assess their in vitro anti-staphylococcal potential. Alkaloid isolation was carried out by modiied method for plant alkaloid extraction. The in vitro anti-staphylococcal potential of the alkaloid bioactive fraction was assessed by using micro broth dilution and plate count assay methods. Pus and wound isolates had MIC of 80 µg/mL and 50 IC of 27.22 µg/mL respectively. Burn isolates showed MIC of 320 µg/mL and 50 50 13.57 µg/mL respectively. Urine and vaginal isolates exhibited a MIC of 80 µg/mL 50 and IC of 13.15 µg/mL respectively. Ceixime had MIC values was 320 µg/mL, 160 50 50 µg/mL and 160 µg/mL for pus and wound, burn, urine and vaginal isolates indicating the refractory behaviour when compared to alkaloid bioactive fraction from the leaves of Callistemon. The alkaloid bioactive fraction exhibits immense activity compared to standard antibiotic Ceixime. This work is the irst report of alkaloids and their antimicrobial activity from Callistemon rigidus leaves. The results suggest further isolation of individual alkaloids from alkaloid bioactive fraction and assessment their anti-staphylococcal activity as leads for development of anti-staphylococcal drugs.Item Advances in Magnetofection & − Magnetically Guided Nucleic Acid Delievery:a Review(Chitkara University Publications, 2013-05) Sandeep Arora; Girish Gupta; Sukhbir Singh; Neelam SinghThe aim of this work was to investigate the effects of the nature and concentration of cellulose derivatives on the release kinetics of ibuprofen from hydrogel matrices using a response surface method (RSM). A series of cellulose derivatives, as methyl, hydroxyethyl, hydroxypropyl and hydroxypropyl methyl celluloses (MC, HEC, HPC and HPMC) were used as polymer platforms and their impacts on drug release were studied and compared to those obtained with a reference formulation prepared with HEC. It was shown that the use of HPMC in the gel formulation contributes to the improvement of drug release and consequently its biodisponibility. Indeed, the increase in HPMC concentration forms a controlled system release because polymer chains relaxation. The drug is released under the effects of two phenomena: diffusion and relaxation of polymeric chains. Thus, the kinetic release passes from the kinetics of case II towards Fickian diffusion.Item Preparation and Characterization of Phytosomal-Phospholipid Complex of P. Amarus and its Tablet Formulation(Chitkara University Publications, 2013-05-15) Arora, Sandeep; Sharma, Arvind; Kaur, ParneetPresent investigation was aimed at formulation, characterization and evaluation of phytosomal complex tablets for sustained delivery of Phyllanthus amarus complex. Phyllanthin, one of the active lignin present in this plant species was isolated from the aerial parts, by silica gel column chromatography employing gradient elution with hexane −ethyl acetate solvent mixture. It was obtained in high yields (1.23%), compared to reported procedures and the purity was ascertained by HPTLC analysis. Phyllanthin was characterized for M.P, UV −Visible spectrophotometry, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C and NMR analysis. Release kinetics was evaluated by using United States Pharmacopeia (USP)-22 type I dissolution apparatus. Scanning electron microscopy was used to visualize the effect of dissolution medium on matrix tablet surface. HPTLC was carried out for quantitative and qualitative estimation of Phyllanthin in Phyllanthus amarus and Rf of phyllanthin was found to be about 0.25. The content was found to be maximum for phytosomal complex of phyllanthus formed by vaccum drying of 1:1 drug excipient ratio. The in-vitro drug release study revealed that optimized formulation sustained the drug release for 12 hr (88.1% ± 4.1% release). Fitting the in vitro drug release data to Korsmeyer equation indicated that diffusion along with erosion could be the mechanism of drug release.