JMRH Vol. 9 No. 02 (April 2023)

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    Effect of Yellow Filter On Contrast Sensitivity Function In High Myopes
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-30) Peeroo Azraa Beebee Sharfaa; Fakhruddin Shamsheer Barodawala
    Background: This study examines the influence of yellow filter on the contrast sensitivity function in individuals with high myopia. Through a comprehensive analysis, we explore the potential enhancement of visual perception and contrast sensitivity in this population. The findings contribute to our understanding of effective interventions to optimize visual outcomes for high myopes. Purpose: A cross-sectional study was conducted where thirty-four (n=34) healthy young subjects (age range 17-25 years old) having high myopia (SER ≥ 6.00D) without any ocular pathology. Contrast sensitivity function (CSF) was assessed using the Functional Acuity Contrast Test (FACT). First, the CSF was measured without the filter (baseline) then immediately after using a yellow filter (50% transmittance) and then after five minutes of adaptation of the yellow filter. The room illumination was constant at 150lux across all the subjects. Results: One-way repeated measure ANOVA showed that there was no statistically significant difference in contrast sensitivity function for spatial frequencies 1.5cpd, and 12cpd. However, there was a statistically significant difference in contrast sensitivity for spatial frequencies 3cpd; F(1.46, 48.20) =28.80, 6cpd; F (1.44, 47.43) =39.99 and 18cpd F (1.53, 50.47) = 44.26. Conclusion: There was an improvement at the moderate and high spatial frequencies (3cpd, 6cpd and 18cpd) but no changes were found at other spatial frequencies. This shows that yellow filter can help to improve the contrast sensitivity function in high myopes at moderate and high spatial frequencies.
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    Iron and β-Cell Function: Implications for Diabetes Pathophysiology
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-22) Harpreet Kaur Massaon; Pranav Kumar Prabhakar
    Background: The intricate relationship between iron metabolism and diabetes mellitus has become a subject of increasing interest, with a growing body of evidence suggesting that iron plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Specifically, the impact of iron on β-cell function has emerged as a critical area of study. Β cells, located in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, are responsible for insulin synthesis and secretion. Purpose: Understanding how iron influences these vital cells is crucial for unraveling the complexities of diabetes development and progression. Methods: This review synthesizes current literature on the interaction between iron and β-cell function, exploring the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this relationship. We conducted a systematic search of databases, including PubMed and Scopus, to identify relevant studies published up to the present date. Articles were selected based on their focus on iron homeostasis, β-cell function, and their implications for diabetes pathophysiology. Results: Iron is an essential micronutrient that participates in various cellular pro-cesses, including energy metabolism and reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation. In β cells, iron is intricately involved in insulin synthesis, folding, and maturation. However, an imbalance in iron homeostasis can lead to oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired insulin secretion. The reviewed literature provides compelling evidence that alterations in iron levels can adversely affect β-cell function, contributing to the development and progression of diabetes. Excess iron has been associated with increased oxidative stress within β cells, leading to damage and dysfunction. Furthermore, iron-induced ROS may activate inflammatory pathways, promoting β-cell apoptosis and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues. Conversely, iron deficiency may also impact β-cell health. Insufficient iron availability can compromise the efficiency of insulin synthesis and secretion, potentially contributing to glucose dysregulation. Iron-deficient conditions may lead to alterations in cellular energy metabolism, further exacerbating the vulnerability of β cells to stressors. Conclusions: Understanding the nuanced interplay between iron and β-cell function has implications for diabetes management. Therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating iron levels, such as iron chelation or dietary interventions, hold promise for preserving β-cell health and improving glycemic control. This review underscores the intricate relationship between iron and β-cell function, providing valuable insights into the pathophysiology of diabetes. Whether through excess or deficiency, iron significantly influences the health and function of β cells, shaping the landscape of diabetes development. Further research is warranted to delineate the precise mechanisms involved and to explore targeted interventions that may harness the therapeutic potential of modulating iron levels in diabetes management.
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    Gait Parameters As Early Indicators: Exploring the Diagnostic Potential of Gait Analysis in Rare Diseases – A Preliminary Investigation On Mitochondrial Disorders
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-19) Somya Saxena
    Background: Instrumented gait analysis is now increasingly used in clinical decision-making scenarios, as a marker of disease progression, as an early indicator of motor dysfunction, as a differentiating feature for diseases with same phenotype presentation and as an outcome measure for effect of interventions. This is particularly relevant for motor dysfunction in rare inherited neurological disorders which often result in gait impairment. Purpose: Several rare diseases have variable presenting features primarily manifesting as reduced quality of life and impaired function. We aim to investigate the role of gait analysis in the diagnosis of these disorders as it is often difficult and complex. Methods: This is a retrospective observational analysis of quantitative gait parameters of a 15-year-old male presenting with features of mitochondrial dysfunction, and our analysis of gait-related parameters before exercise, post exercise and in recovery phase. Results: The results depicted a few significant changes in gait analysis pattern post exercise which improved in recovery phase hinting at the potential use of gait analysis in such disorders particularly metabolic disorders. This study aims to bridge this gap by presenting three-dimensional gait parameters of a case with mitochondrial disorders and to explore its utility. Conclusions: 3D gait analysis may prove to be an adjunct in the diagnosis, classification and prognosis of rare neuromuscular diseases. It holds potential for diagnosing subtle changes in gait and quantifying the effect of treatment and rehabilitation on gait and hence functional abilities of the patients.
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    Oligoasthenozoospermic and Normozoospermic Indian Males Yielded Similar Fertilization Capability by Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-12) Ram Dayal
    Background: The present study evaluated the fertilization outcomes by intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) technique with oligoastheno-zoospermic (OAZ) compared to normozoospermic (NZ) semen. Purpose: To find the fertilizing capability of human sperm in oligo-asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic semen samples. Methods: Fresh semen ejaculates belonging to NZ and OAZ groups (n=50 in each group) patients attending the infertility clinics were evalu-ated for semen volume, sperm motility, and sperm concentration. Ferti-lization rates with ICSI along with post-capacitation motility and con-centration were studied in both groups. Results: The motility and concentration in fresh semen samples patients of the NZ group (32.44±1.50%, 71.96±6.45 M/ml, respectively) were significantly (P<0.05) higher compared to the OAZ group (26.76±1.38, 10.31±0.48 M/ml, respectively).However, the results of our study re-vealed similar fertilization rates in-vitro by ICSI in the NZ (98%) and OAZ (98%) groups. Conclusion: The in-vitro processing by the ICSI technique is an effective approach to achieving good fertilization rates in sub-fertile males.
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    A Comparative Analysis of National and State Level Action Plans on Antimicrobial Resistance in India
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-06) Soumya Ranjan Barik; Himanshu Sekhar Pradhan; Jyoti Prakash; Sudhir Kumar Satpathy
    Background: In 2015, the World Health Assembly endorsed a global action plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and recommended its member countries to create their own action plans on the subject. Following the launch of India’s National Action Plan (NAP) on AMR in 2017, Indian states- Kerala, NewDelhi and Madhya Pradesh consequently developed their action planswhileother states are in the process of developing their own action plans on AMR. The present study is an attempt to compare NAP-AMRIndia and three state’s AMR action plans. Objectives: “To study the similarities and variations among National and State Action Plans (SAPs) on AMR in India”. Methodology:Areview of India’sNAP-AMR and the SAPs-AMR of three states (Kerala, Delhi and Madhya Pradesh) has been conducted to document the similarities and variations among these plans. Apart from AMR action plans other relevant documents obtained from Google, and National Centre for Disease Control, India were used. Result: All strategic priorities of SAP-AMR of Kerela, New-Delhi and Madhya Pradesh are similar to NAP-AMR of India. Focus areas under strategic priorities of three state action plans are well aligned to the National Action Plan. Though suggested activities under various focus areas are more or less similar among state and national action plans, however each state action plan has introduced some of the unique activities under some focus areas. All the three State Action Plans are having well-defined monitoring and evaluation frameworks akin to National Action Plan, India. Conclusion: So far only three Indian states have launched their sate action plans on AMR following the lauch of National action plan of India on AMR in the year 2017. The findings of this study may be useful for the experts while developing the state level action plans on AMR formulating antimicrobial policy and research etc.