JPTRM Vol. 6 No. 2 (November 2018)

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    A Precise Review on Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate: An Analytical Profile
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2018-11-02) Vinod A Chaure; Saurabh B Ganorkar; Ganesh U Chaturbhuj; Sanjay J Surana; Atul A Shirkhedkar
    Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (TDF) is antiretroviral medicine used treat AIDS as well as chronic Hepatitis-B. TDF is a prodrug of tenofovir and exists as dominant form due to lesser oral bioavailability of parent drug. TDF is now available in a fixed-dose combination with various antiretrovirals like Cobicistat, Efavirenz, Elvitegravir, Emtricitabine, Lamivudine, Rilpivirine, and Nevirapine. Hence, pharmaceutical analysis of TDF and applicability of different analytical methods have gained crucial importance. The present review article assesses the published analytical methods and a variety of approach for investigation of TDF in bulk drug as well as pharmaceutical formulations including combinations. This detailed review includes examination of around eighty analytical methods published during 2008 to 2016 using various techniques which include HPLC, HPTLC, and UV/ Visible-Spectrophotometry. The review also illustrates the scope and limitations of many published analytical methods for analysis of TDF. Such detailed review will be of great help to the researcher who is working on TDF. Miscellaneous methods of rare but unique pharmaceutical distinction have also been given due consideration. The diagrammatic illustrations provide the statistical overview about the various methods referred for analysis of TDF.
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    Systemic Review: Sexual Dysfunction in Women with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2018-11-02) Ravinder Kumar; Diksha Gera; Govind Arora; Pratima K Syal
    Diabetes would not just have a high blood glucose level in the individual body, yet these days diabetes likewise goes with numerous other organic issues like hypertension, feeble the myocardial layer working, sexual broke, and so on. These are some real issue which is these days joined by diabetes to a person’s body. Guys are for the most part being determined to have the sexual broke issue, guys, as well as experience a sexual broke issue. As similarly we may see less clinical examinations, including sexual broke issues looked for the sort two diabetic ladies. The primary goal of this article is to illuminate the situation that females proceed with much trouble with regards to the sexual broke Complication that might be physiological or neurotic if there should arise an occurrence of sorting two diabetes in ladies. It chiefly involves the useful extent of females like sexual drive, excitement, vaginal grease, Orgasm and general fulfilment space. Talking about the treatmentaccess of the ailment in the analyti way for it, Diabetes essentially hinders the sexual execution of Diabetic Women. Determinants of sexual ability incorporate age and extent of diabetes.
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    Exploring RP-HPLC Method for analysis of Axitinib in Bulk and in-house Tablets
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2018-11-02) Shailesh S Chalikwar; Satish D Kayande; Inderbir Singh; Atul A Shirkhedkar
    Axitinib is a tyrosine kinase Inhibiter. In a commenced analysis, a effortless and responsive high-performance liquid-chromatography method was developed and validated for the quantitative estimation of Axitinib in bulk and in-house tablet dosage form. The present method was developed and validated using LC-GC Qualisil BDS C18 (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The separation of Axitinib was employed using a methanol: water 85:15% v/vas a mobile phase at optimal flow rate 1 mL/min and column oven temperature 30°C. While, Axitinib was examined at 330 nm with a photo diode array detector; retention timewas found to be 3.23 min.The intended method was validated by ICH rules for the accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and ruggedness. The linearity was followed in the concentration range of 4 – 24 μg/ mL as demonstrated by correlation coefficient (r2) of 0.9994. The robustness of proposed method was assessed by purposelyvarying the chromatographic conditions. Consequently, the intended method can routinely be subjected for th estimation of Axitinib in bulk and in tablets formulation.
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    Molecular Docking Studies of Phenolic Compounds from Syzygium cumini with Multiple Targets of Type 2 Diabetes
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2018-11-02) Ajmer Singh Grewal; Neelam Sharma; Sukhbir Singh; Sandeep Arora
    Treatment of type 2 diabetes without any side effects is still a challenge to the medical system. This leads to increasing demand for natural products with antidiabetic activity with fewer side effects. Syzygium cumini is a traditional herbal medicinal plant and is reported to possess a variety of pharmacological actions. It contains various types of chemical constituents including terpenoids, tannins, anthocyanins, flavonoids and other phenolic compounds. Some flavonoids and other phenolic compounds from S. cumini were reported in literature to have type 2 antidiabetic potential. The main objective of the current investigation was in silico screening of some phenolic compounds from S. cumini against multiple targets associated with type 2 diabetes to explore the mechanism of antidiabetic action and prediction of binding mode using molecular docking studies. In silico docking studies were performed for the selected molecules in the binding site of multiple targets associated with type 2 diabetes (α-glucosidas , dipeptidyl peptidase 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3, glucokinase and glucagon receptor). Amongst the compounds tested in silico, rutin showed appreciable binding with multiple targets of type 2 diabetes including α-glucosidase, dipeptidyl peptidase 4, glycogen synthase kinase 3, and glucagon receptor. Catechin was found to inhibit both α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4. This information can be utilized for the design and development of potent multi-functional candidate drugs with minimal side effects for type 2 diabetes therapeuticsa.
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    Design, Synthesis and Antidiabetic Activity of Novel Sulfamoyl Benzamide Derivatives as Glucokinase Activators
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2018-11-02) Ajmer Singh Grewal; Kapil Sharma; Sukhbir Singh; Vikramjeet Singh; Deepti Pandita; Viney Lather
    The present work has been planned to design, synthesize and evaluate the antidiabetic potential of a series of sulfamoyl benzamide derivatives as potential glucokinase (GK) activators. A new series of sulfamoyl benzamide derivatives was synthesized starting from 3-nitrobenzoic acid and characterized. In silico docking studies were performed to determine the binding interactions for the best fit conformations in the allosteric site of GK enzyme. Based on the results of in silico studies, the selected molecules were tested for their antidiabetic activity in animal studies (alloxan induced diabetic animal model). Compound 7 exhibited highest antidiabetic activity in animal studies. The results of in vivo antidiabetic activity studies were found to be in parallel to that of docking studies. These newly synthesized sulfamoyl benzamide derivatives thus can be treated as the initial hits for the development of novel, safe, effective and orally bioavailable GK activators as therapeutic agents for the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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    Evaluation of Ginger Oleoresin in Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2018-11-02) Ravinder Khatri; Kashish Bhardwaj; Akshay Sharma; Srijana Tamang; Kiran; Umesh Chettri; Arvind Sharma
    The present study evaluated the hepatoprotective activity of ginger oleoresin against Carbontetrachloride induced liver toxic damage in rats. Rats were divided into six groups. Hepatotoxicity was induced by the administration of a single intraperitoneal dose (2ml/kg) of Carbontetrachloride in experimental rats. Post-treatment with Ginger oleoresin at 300 and 600mg/kg dose given by oral routewas carried out to find their protective effectsagainst carbontetrachloride induced hepatic injury. Biochemical parameterfor oxidative stress, inflammation and lipid profile along with genotoxicity and histological changes in rat serum and liver were studied. Silymarin was used as standard hepatoprotective agent. Extracted oleoresin dose dependently provided hepatoprotective effects.The hepatoprotective action of ginger oleoresin may be related to its free radical scavenging,anti-inflammatory and hypolipidemic activity and concluded to be partly mediated by its active constituent’s 6-gingerol, shogaol and zingerone. -phospate; CCl3 *, Trichloromethyl free radical; CCl3 OO*, Trichloromethyl peroxy radical; ROS, Reactive oxygen species; iNOS, inducible nitric oxide synthase; NO, Nitric oxide, VLDL, Very low density lipoprotein.