JPTRM Vol. 3 No. 2 (November 2015)

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    A Review on Medication Errors
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2015-11-17) Madhaw Dwivedi; Amit Sharma; Sandeep Arora
    Role of clinical pharmacist is to provide optimal pharmaceutical care for individual patients and optimal pharmaceutical care is attained when the right drug in the correct dosage and quality reaches the right patients at the right point in time with the right information. Any preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm during medication to user is called medicational error and is in the control of the health care professional, patient and consumer. In this review on medication errors, prescr-ibing errors (67 %), administration errors (25%), dispensing errors (08%) were found on the basis of review of literature.Prescribing errors are the prime cause of MEs that further leads to subsequent dispensing and administration errors. Medication errors are common cause of adverse drug events or subtherapeutic outcomes of pharmaceutical care.
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    Cosmetics: Regulatory Scenario in USA, EU and India
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2015-11-17) Dhull K; Swagat Tripathy; Harish Dureja
    The efficacy, safety, regulatory framework, and marketing of cosmetic products are the most important factors for the growth of the cosmetic industry. The safety of cosmetic goods is regulated by diverse regulatory bodies around the globe who all have their own rules and regulations. The regulations of cosmetics like, nomenclature, labeling, and safety of colorants(s) alter in different countries. Much stringent legislation exists in the European Union (EU) and The United States of America (USA) has very much stringent legislation in order to regulate the use of cosmetic products. The safety assessments of cosmetic products are affected by the different regulations of different regulatory bodies. Nevertheless, there is a need for harmonized regulations throughout the world. An attempt has been made in the present manuscript to compare the current regulatory scenario of cosmetics in the USA, EU, and India.
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    Development, physicochemical characterization and in-vitro evaluation of herbal sunscreen lotion
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2015-11-17) Sandeep Arora; Neelam Sharma; Akanksha Mahajan; Jaspreet Kaur; Sukhbir Singh
    Ultraviolet radiations have shorter wavelengths and can reach earth’s surface through penetrating clouds. UV-A rays leads to aging while UV-B rays causes burning of skin. Sunscreens protect the skin from harmful effects of sun including appearance of erythema, premature photo-ageing and facilitate to diminish the manifestation of facial red veins and blotchiness. In this investigation, herbal sunscreen was prepared using Shea butter, almond oil, raspberry oil, jojoba oil, zinc oxide and titanium dioxide as active ingredients. Fabricated lotions were evaluated for physicochemical parameters i.e. color, pH, viscosity and spreadability. Sun protection efficacy of lotion was determined in term of sun protection factor (SPF) by in-vitro spectrophotometric method. Total 10 formulations were made with different compositions F1-F10. The pH of formulations ranges from 6.10 (F6) to 8.34 (F5). The viscosity of formulations ranges from 1500 (F1) to 3586 (F10). The spreadability of formulations ranges from 10.56±0.8 (F1) to 30.65±0.7 (F10). The physicochemical parameters of formulation F6 and F10 were found to be in controlled range justifying its compatibility with skin and confirming good cosmetological property. Stability study of optimized lotion was performed after storage of formulation at 25°C and 60 % RH as well as 40°C and 75 % RH for three months. Stability of lotion was evaluated on the basis of changes in physicochemical parameters i.e. color, pH, viscosity and spreadability and SPF. F10 has SPF value of 15.71±0.07 (medium protection sunscreen). The optimized formulations might provide good moisturizer, emollient, anti-ageing and anti-wrinkle effect with good sun protection.
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    In-Vitro Anti-oxidant And Antimicrobial Study of Ficus Hispida
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2015-11-17) Atanu Chatterjee; Jayita Mondal; Rudranil Bhowmik; Anshuman Bhattachayra; Hirak Roy; Swarnendu Kundu
    Ficus hispida L. belongs to the Moraceae family and is used by the maaiba trible (indigenous medicine – man of Manipur, India) as an indigenous traditional medicine. Present study deals with the successive extraction of the aerial parts of Ficus hispida and in-vitro screening of anti-oxidant and anti-microbial activity. The phytochemical screening of the methanol extract of Ficus hispida shows the presence of secondary metabolite groups like alkaloid, phenolic compounds, flavonoid, glycosides, protein etc. Phenolic compounds are commonly found in both edible and nonedible plants and are responsible for various medicinal activities of plants, so our study is based on determining antioxidant activity and anti-microbial activity. Beside these, we also measured the total flavonoid and total phenolic content of the respective sample to understand the effect of polyphenolic compound on different pathophysiological state associated with high free radical production. The in-vitro investigation proves the efficiency of this plant in various diseases states.
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    Mannich Bases of 2-Substituted Benzimidazoles – A Review
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2015-11-17) Ritchu Sethi; Sandeep Arora; Neelam Jain; Sandeep Jain
    Mannich bases are the end products of mannich reaction and are known as beta amino ketone carrying compounds. Mannich reaction is a carbon carbon bond forming nucleophilic addition reaction which helps in synthesizing N-methyl derivatives and many other drug molecules. Mannich base derivatives of benzimidazoles possess many pharmacological properties such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, anthelmintic and play an important role in medical field. As these drugs are clinically useful in treatment of microbial infections and exhibit other therapeutic activities also, so this encouraged the development of more potent, novel and clinically significant compounds. In this review synthesis and various biological activities of new mannich bases of benzimidazole derivatives reported is discussed.
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    Neuropharmacological Activities of Abies pindrow Aerial Parts in Mice
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2015-11-17) Deepak Kumar; Suresh Kumar
    The methanol extract (200 or 400 mg/kg, p.o.) and ethyl acetate fraction (25 or 50 mg/kg, p.o.) of A. pindrow aerial parts were screened for anticonvulsant, antidepressant, locomotor, hypnotic and antistress activities. The methanol extract (ME) and ethyl acetate fraction (EAF) could not reduce duration of MES-induced tonic extensor phase with respect to the standard drug, phenytoin (20 mg/kg, i.p.). Both ME and EAF showed significant reduction of time spent in immobile state in forced swim test and did not stimulate locomotion in an open field model, thereby confirming their specific antidepressant activity. In cold swim test, ME and EAF showed antistress activity comparable to diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). None of the test doses of ME and EAF could significantly increase duration of sleep in mice as compared to the control group. Phytochemical screening of ME and EAF showed presence of flavonoids as major class of phytoconstituents.