JPTRM Vol. 2 No. 2 (November 2014)

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https://demodspace.chitkara.edu.in/handle/123456789/128

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Browsing JPTRM Vol. 2 No. 2 (November 2014) by Title

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    Antihepatotoxic Potential of Citrullus colocynthis Root Extract, Fractions and Isolated Compounds
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-11-30) Alok Mukerjee; Shanti Bhushan Mishra; Shubhini Saraf
    Medicinal plants are considered to be effective and safe alternative treatment for liver toxicity. The article reveals the hepatoprotective activity of the ethanolic extract of the roots of the Citrullus colocynthis commonly known as INDRYAN using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) experimental model in albino rats. After receiving significant protection of Ethanolic extract on liver the extract further undergone fractionation into three fractions & the activity was localized in the toluene fraction. These on purification led to the isolation of two pure compounds which were identified as – Cucurbitacin B[1] and Colocynthin [2]. The pure compound shows reduction in enzymatic level viz. (SGOT 68.09%, SGPT 63.64%, ALP 76.81%, BL 68.22%) and (SGOT 71.28%, SGPT 65.24%, ALP 80.68%, BL 54.92%) at 50 mg/ kg dose respectively whereas drug Silymarin showed reduction as (SGOT 79.73%, SGPT 74.26%, ALP 87.88%,BL 82.75% ) at 25 mg/kg dose level. On comparing the obtained data it was observed that the roots of C. colocynthis Sch. exhibited significantly better hepatoprotective activity, thus justifying the traditional claims.
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    Anxiolytic activity of Angiotensin-Receptor-Blocker in Experimental Models of Anxiety in Mice
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-11-30) Syed Rehan Hasan; Manish Sinha; Nitin Bansal
    The present study aimed to explore the role of Angiotensin- Receptor-Blocker in the management of anxiety. Male Swiss albino mice of age 6-8 weeks and weight 25-30 g were used in the present study. Candesartan (Angiotensin receptor blocker) was administered in two doses (1 and 2 mg/kg; i.p.) to mice for 14 successive days regularly. Anxiety was induced in mice by two different methods: (i) exposing the mice to immobilization stress for a period of 6 h daily for 7 consecutive days; (ii) administration of caffeine (25 mg/kg; i.p.) daily for 7 days. Elevated Zero Maze and Open Field Apparatus were used to evaluate the level of anxiety in different groups. After behavioral evaluation, the animals were sacrificed and their brains were used for estimation TBARS, GSH and Nitrite levels in the brain. Administration of Candesartan (1 and 2 mg/kg; i.p) for 14 successive days significantly (p<0.05) reduced anxiety due to immobilization stress and caffeine induced anxiety. Candesartan (1and 2 mg/kg; i.p) treated mice showed an increase (p<0.05) in GSH levels while a decrease (p<0.05) in TBARS and nitrite levels in brain. Thus, candesartan may prove to be a useful remedy for the management of anxiety owing to its neuroprotective and antioxidant activity.
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    Development And Characterization of Inhaled Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded with Isoniazid
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-11-30) Junise V; R Saraswathi
    The objective of our study is to load first line anti-tubercular drug, Isoniazid in chitosan Nanoparticles in order to enhance bioavailability and to reduce dose frequency. The chitosan nanoparticles containing the drug Isoniazid were prepared by the method of spontaneous emulsification. Chitosan gel containing drug is cross linked with Glutaraldehyde and nanoparticle suspension obtained was centrifuged at 5000 rpm. It was then evaluated for Drug loading, swelling index, Mucoadhesive force, Zeta potential, DLS studies, DSC studies, SEM studies, In vitro Drug release, Pharmacokinetic Studies and Stability studies.Formulation 1(F1) shows maximum Drug Loading, Swelling index and mucoadhesive force. The positive zeta value was obtained for all formulations due to positive charge of polymer used in preparation of dispersion. The DLS plot of Formulations shows that Average particle diameter are in the range of 661.8-823.8nm. The SEM study revealed that the micrographs of cross linked chitosan nanoparticles have smooth surface. The thermogram of the formulations showed the shifting of endotherm. This indicates the possible change in the release kinetics and bioavailability of the drug. In vitro drug releases was found to be maximum for formulation F6. Pharmacokinetic evaluation shows all the formulation shows first order rate release profile and release mechanism from nanoparticles is diffusion controlled. Stability studies indicated that the developed chitosan nanoparticles are physically and chemically stable and retain their pharmaceutical properties at various environmental conditions over a period of 3 months.
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    Estimation of Isolated Triterpenoid – Ursolic Acid in Verbena officinalis L. Aerial Parts Using TLC Densitometry
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-11-30) Jashanjot Kaur; Deepak Kumar; Reecha Madaan; Suresh Kumar
    Verbena officinalis L. (Vervain; family-Verbenaceae),a traditionally used and medicinally promising plant, has been reported to contain triterpenoids as major class of phytoconstituents. But no work has ever been carried out on V. officinalis to isolate major chemical constituent(s), and to standardize plant material on the basis of isolated constituent(s) using TLC densitometry.The chloroform extract of V. officinalisaerial parts was prepared by extracting properly identified plant in a Soxhlet apparatus.Preliminary phytochemical screening of chloroform extract showed presence of triterpenoids. Column chromatography of chloroform extract using solvent systems viz., hexane:chloroform, chloroform and chloroform:methanol in different concentrationsyielded five fractions (F1- F5). Preliminary phytochemical screening of various fractions of chloroform extract revealed presence of triterpenoids in F2 and F3 fractions. Therefore, these fractions were further subjected to column chromatography. White colored crystals were obtained in SF1 sub-fraction separated from F2and was designated as VOC-1. Structure of VOC-1 was elucidated by IR and NMRspectral studies and was characterized as ursolic acid. Further, ursolic acid was quantified in V. officinalisaerial parts by validated TLC densitometric method. The content of ursolic acid was found to be 0.1580% in V. officinalis aerial parts.The linearity range, correlation coefficient, intra-day precision, inter-day precision, LOD, LOQ and accuracy were found to be 300-1800 ng, 0.997, 1.2% CV, 1.6% CV, 40 ng/spot, 130 ng/spot and 98.27% respectively.
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    Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Justicia neesii Ramam Whole Plant Extract
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-11-30) Nimmakayala Sridhar; Suguna Lakshmi Duggirala; Goverdhan Puchchakayala
    The plant Justicia neesii is rich in polyphenolic compounds like lignans which can exhibit anti-inflammatory properties. In this study ethanolic extracts of Justicia neesii was screened for elucidating its antioxidant potential using various methods. In all the methods it has shown good antioxidant nature and reducing ability. The IC50 values against DPPH, H2O2, NO and lipid peroxidases were found to be 55.72μg/mL, 133.35μg/mL, 29.65μg/mL and 271.02μg/mL respectively. The total phenolic content in the ethanolic extract was found to be 99.8mg per gram dry plant in gallic acid equivalents. The anti-inflammatory nature of Justicia neesii was tested using carrageenan induced paw edema model in rats. The extract has shown significant inhibition of paw volume at all the three gradient doses of the extract. The percent inhibition of paw volume is correlating with the standard diclofinac sodium. From this study we concluded that Justicia neesii is a plant with potent anti-inflammatory molecules.
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    Panoramic View on Quality by Design
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-11-30) Manisha; Swagat Tripathy; Harish Dureja
    Quality by design (QbD) is an essential tool in pharmaceutical environment for having product/process/method impregnated with quality. Now, QbD is the greatest solution to construct quality in all pharmaceutical products, while in the same time making it as a part of system is also a key challenge for Industry. For understanding of QbD, it is very much essential to understand the desire product performance profile [Target product Profile (TPP), Target Product Quality Profile (TPQP)] and identify critical quality attributed (CQA). Basically, for meeting the product attributes, the product formulation and process can be designed on the basis of these stated parameters. Nonetheless, this helps in recognizing the effect of raw materials, critical material attributes (CMA), critical process parameters (CPP) on the CQAs and identification and control sources of variability. The in and out understanding for QbD in generic pharmaceutical industry is really vital, because now and then FDA is taking firm stand to make mandatory “deadline” for inclusion of QbD. Therefore, an attempt has been made to highlight quality by design for generic drugs and its implications to pharmaceutical industry.
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    Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan and PLGA Based Implants for the Delivery of Cefotaxime
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-11-30) Pankaj Gahiye; Sanjay Bajaj
    The poor bioavailability of cefotaxime and limitation of conventional system limits the delivery of antibacterial drug cefotaxime for bone infection treatment. In the current study in situ chitosan implant containing cefotaxime was developed. Injectable implantable drug delivery system containing Cefotaxime was prepared by physically mixing β-glycerophosphate with chitosan in different concentrations. The objective of this study was to standardize the concentrations of the ingredients so as to develop formulation that remains liquid when stored at 4ºC but forms a gel, in minimum time, when injected or when its temperature is raised to 37oC. Injectable in-situ implant before injection was clear and transparent. Gelation temperature significantly increase from 32.6°C ±0.1 to 48.43°C ±0.1 of all formulation. Percentage drug content of all formulation were found in the range of 82.42±1.93 to 99.43±0.55. The syringeability of the final solutions greatly decreased with the increase of chitosan concentration. The release pattern for all formulations was biphasic, comprising an initial burst effect followed by an almost sustained continuous phase. After an initial burst release, the drug entrapped into the chitosan/Gp gel was released slowly. Local delivery of chemotherapeutic agent by controlled- release polymers is a new strategy with the potential to maximize the antibacterial effect of a drug to treat bone infection. The system formulated with cefotaxime was found to be stable and the release profiles of a formulation with chitosan and beta-GP showed almost Higuchi equation release kinetics. The drug release of chitosan imlant containing cefotaxime was found to be more as compare to PLGA implant.
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    Resveratrol: Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-11-30) Sanjai Saxena; Anugya Srivastava
    Resveratrol is a polyphenolic flavonoid initially identified as a phytoalexin and as a major constituent of red wine. However interest in this molecule initially developed as a cardioprotective agent and in due course of time therapeutic actions came into limelight. This article explores the different therapeutic activities of Resveratrol and highlights their possible mode of action responsible for its therapeutic action. It becomes evident from this article that Resveratrol has a pharmacological agent that has widespread targets and therefore due emphasis on specific biological action need to be addressed using medicinal chemistry and quantitative structure activity relationships in developing new congeners of Resveratrol to be exploited as drugs.