JPTRM Vol. 11 No. 2 (November 2023)

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https://demodspace.chitkara.edu.in/handle/123456789/147

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Browsing JPTRM Vol. 11 No. 2 (November 2023) by Title

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    Acupuncture: A Potential Therapy for Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-11-10) Deepak Kajla; Maneesh Mohan; Kenneth C. Ugoeze
    Background: Acupuncture, a practice rooted in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years, is increasingly recognized as a complementary therapy for neurological and psychiatric disorders. Purpose: This review aims to explore recent advancements in acupuncture’s application for treating specific neurological and psychiatric conditions and to highlight its therapeutic potential and underlying mechanisms. Methods: The review synthesizes findings from extensive research and scientific studies, incorporating insights from modern neuroimaging techniques like functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and positron emission tomography (PET). It also examines the efficacy of combined modalities, such as laser and electroacupuncture. Results: Acupuncture has demonstrated efficacy in managing neurological conditions such as stroke, neuropathic pain, and neurodegenerative diseases by enhancing cerebral blood flow, promoting neuroplasticity, and providing neuroprotection. Its application in psychiatric disorders, including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), has shown promising outcomes. These therapeutic effects are mediated through mechanisms involving the autonomic nervous system, decreased inflammation, and neurotransmitter regulation. Combining acupuncture with modalities like laser and electroacupuncture has expanded treatment options and enhanced efficacy. Conclusion: Recent advancements underscore acupuncture’s promise as an effective adjuvant therapy for neurological and psychiatric conditions. However, challenges remain in standardizing procedures and refining study designs to better define specific mechanisms and optimize therapeutic parameters. Continued research is essential to establish acupuncture as a reliable treatment option for improving patient outcomes.
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    Annona Muricata: Unveiling its Potential as a Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapy
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-11-10) Shinam Bakshi; Abhinav Yadav; Sanchit Dhankhar; Samrat Chauhan; Shushank Mahajan; Deepak Singla
    Background: Soursop (Annona muricata) is a tropical fruit that has recently been under scrutiny for its supposedly appreciable health benefits. The plant is rich in phytochemicals and the medicinal value of the fruit has been under study in treating cancer, diabetes, oxidative stress, hypertension, haemorrhagic disease, and reduction of bad cholesterol. Purpose: The review serves to discuss the potential use of the Annona muricata in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical development. The discussion below is based on the use of soursop pulp, seeds, and leaf extracts as functional ingredients in food products and their implications for pharmaceutical industries. Methods: Recent literatures have been surveyed from PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, etc. like search engines, for summarising detailed ongoing research on Annona muricata, which could be used in complementary and alternative cancer therapy. Conclusion: The high nutritional value and pharmacological potential of Annona muricata turn it into a very good candidate for different health-related applications. There exist promising benefits of phytochemicals present in soursop for the treatment and prevention of a number of health conditions, underscoring its importance in functional foods and medicines development.
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    Antibiotic Resistance: Retrospective, Concurrent, and Prospective Data
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-11-10) Bhavesh Dharmani; Sarita Jangra; Bisman Kaur; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Background: Over decades, antimicrobial medicines have been extensively used in industries such as agriculture and cattle husbandry, not only for the treatment of illnesses but also as preventative measures. Because of this extensive usage, bacteria have unintentionally developed antibiotic resistance (ABR), sometimes without the host’s knowledge. It has made treating infectious infections more unclear and difficult. Purpose: This review examines the patterns of antibiotic use and the types of bacteria that have developed resistance. It also explores their therapeutic mechanisms of action and the mechanisms behind resistance development. Additionally, the review discusses retrospective and concurrent data on ABR and proposes a prospective approach for the surveillance and monitoring of ABR globally. Method: The review analyses both historical and current data on the global use of antimicrobial agents and their impact on antibiotic resistance. It assesses various strategies for the rational use of antibiotics, considering past patterns and current trends in ABR. The study also evaluates ongoing efforts to monitor and prevent the spread of ABR. Result: Here, findings highlight the widespread and growing issue of antibiotic resistance, driven by both human and agricultural use of antibiotics. The review underscores the significance of continuous surveillance, monitoring, and the rational use of antimicrobial agents to combat the global threat of ABR, ensuring more effective management of infectious diseases. Conclusion: Urgent global action is needed against antibiotic resistance because of both human and agricultural use. Improved surveillance and rational use of antibiotics are a prerequisite for preserving the efficacy of treatments available today and for maintaining public health. Strategic planning ahead will be the best management of infectious diseases.
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    Assessment of Suspending Properties of Katira Gum: Formulation and Evaluation of Nimesulide Suspension
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2013-11) Inderbir Singh; Amrinder Singh; Garima Thakur; Oluwatoyin A. Odeku
    There are several hydrophilic polymers that have been employed as suspending agents in pharmaceutical suspensions due to their ability to form colloidal gel in aqueous medium. In the present study, katira gum obtained from the bark of Cochlospermum religiosum has been evaluated as suspending agent in nimesulide suspension and compared with acacia gum at concentration of 1-5%. Sedimentation volume, rheology, particle size, degree of flocculation and in-vitro drug release were employed as assessment parameters. The result showed that at all concentrations, katira gum higher suspending capability compared acacia gum. The sedimentation volume was found to increase from 0.36 to 1 (A1-A3) and 0.26 to 0.56 (B1-B3). The viscosity of suspensions (A1 and A2) containing gum katira as suspending agent was found to be 1.35 and 2.4 centipoise and 0.63- 1.05 centipoise (B1- B3). Plots between shear stress and rate of shear were plotted using different concentrations indicates the obedience to newtonian behaviour. Degree of flocculation of gum katira and gum acacia suspension was established to be 1.69 and 1.05 respectively.
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    Comparative Evaluation of Antioxidant and Anti-Depressant Activity of Macrotyloma Uniflorum vs. Clitoria Ternatea Methanolic Leaf Extracts
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-11-10) Amit Kumar; Sayak Khawas; Kumar Anand; Neelima Sharma
    Background: Depression and anxiety are prevalent psychiatric disorders in the modern era, often attributed to the alterations in signalling neurotransmitters or the release of biogenic amines characterized by changes in consciousness, psychomotor functions, and emotional disturbances. Purpose: Several antidepressant drugs are available; they may cause irreversible adverse effects. Therefore, exploring herbal remedies as an alternative therapy holds potential benefits. Macrotyloma uniflorum and Clitoria ternatea are among the plants traditionally utilized for their anti-depression activity. Method: This study aims to compare the antidepressant activity of the methanolic extracts of M. uniflorum and C. ternatea leaves. Their phytochemical compositions were analysed, and antioxidant activities were evaluated using DPPH and Superoxide radical scavenging assays. Results: The outcomes of phytochemical screening indicated the presence of secondary metabolites in both extracts, including alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, phenols, terpenoids and tannins. The antioxidant assays indicated significant antioxidant potential in both M. uniflorum and C. ternatea extracts. Various biochemical assays, behavioural studies, and histopathological evaluations were conducted using a toluene-induced mice model. Conclusion: The behavioural study and biochemical estimations confirmed the antidepressant potential of both extracts. However, the M. uniflorum extract exhibited better efficacy in alleviating depressive symptoms. In light of future perspectives, it would be valuable to isolate and identify the specific compounds facilitating a more targeted pharmacological approach for depression pharmacotherapy.
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    Persea Americana’s Extract Could Offer Effective Treatment for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Hypothesis
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-11-10) Sukriti Vishwas; Bushra Bashir; Nikhil B. Khandale; Sachin Kumar Singh; Uma Devi
    Background: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurodegener-ative disease characterized by the degeneration of upper and lower motor neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Several patholog-ical conditions, including neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and mito-chondrial dysfunction, contribute to the degeneration of motor neurons. Despite extensive research, no current drug therapies have proven effec-tive in treating ALS. Purpose: This study explores the therapeutic potential of Persea americana (PA) Mill, commonly known as avocado, in the treatment of ALS. Methods: The review draws on pre-clinical and clinical studies that have demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of PA extracts (PAE) in diseas-es such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s, highlighting the potential mechanisms that may be relevant to ALS. Results: Although no studies have directly investigated the effects of PA on ALS, the bioactive compounds in PA have shown promising results in mitigating neurodegenerative processes through their diverse biological activities. Conclusion: Based on existing evidence from related neurodegenerative conditions and the mechanisms involved in ALS pathology, it is hypothesized that PA extracts may offer a novel therapeutic avenue for ALS. Further research is required to validate the efficacy of PAE in man-aging ALS symptoms and slowing disease progression.
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    Tapping the Potential of Probiotics: An Insight on Probiotic Delivery Systems, Their Quantification, and Assessment
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-11-10) Minkal Tuteja; Anupama Choudhary; Prince Rohilla; Gaurav Rohilla
    Background: Dysbiosis of the microbiota and gastrointestinal dysfunction are common characteristics of gastrointestinal diseases. Probiotics can alter the gut microbiota and serve as biological agents for treating digestive disorders. Although probiotics show promise in treating gastrointestinal disorders, several obstacles could hinder their effectiveness. These include concerns about safety, stress resistance, quantifying post-colonization, and evaluation methods. Purpose: The aim of this review is to introduce the probiotic delivery methods and their mechanisms of action. It also described the functions of bacteriocins in providing probiotic strains with an advantage over competing treatments and the challenges associated with widespread deployment. It also evaluates current fluorescence-induced methods and numerous laboratory experiments involving living organisms’ models for quantifying probiotics in complex microbiomes and assessing probiotic delivery systems. Method: The approach includes a systematic analysis of recent developments in encapsulation technologies, delivery mechanisms, and innovative strategies for enhancing probiotic stability and functionality. Result: The review found that encapsulation technologies have significantly evolved, with microencapsulation and nanoparticle systems being the most effective in ensuring the survival of probiotics through the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: Probiotics could be used in gastrointestinal illnesses more effectively as therapeutic agents. This review has shown that effective delivery systems are critical to ensuring the viability and functionality of probiotics throughout their journey from production to gastrointestinal colonization. In conclusion, while substantial strides have been made in probiotic delivery, quantification, and assessment, continued interdisciplinary research and collaboration are essential to fully harness the benefits of probiotics in healthcare.