JPTRM Vol. 11 No. 1 (May 2023)

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https://demodspace.chitkara.edu.in/handle/123456789/140

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Browsing JPTRM Vol. 11 No. 1 (May 2023) by Title

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    Citrus Genus and its Pharmacological Activities: A Review
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-10) Parwinder Singh; Rahul Kumar Sharma; Ramandeep Kaur; Puskar Mehta; Pankaj; Neelam Sharma; Shailesh Sharma
    Background: This review underscores the global distribution of citrus plants, diverse phytochemical composition, pharmacological properties and their uses. Purpose: This paper reviewed the originating of Citrus genus from northeastern and central Australia, island Southeast Asia, near Oceania, and various subtropical and tropical regions in Asia. Paper elaborates the diverse phytochemical composition of citrus species contributes to their therapeutic characteristics. Citrus fruits, widely consumed and rich in nutrients and phytochemicals, have been linked through epidemiological studies to a reduced risk of several diseases. Methods: The role of citrus plants according to their pharmacological activities explained in the paper with their possible mechanism of action. Results: The citrus fruits contain phenolic acids, flavonoids, and coumarins ac chief chemical constituents. Pharmacologically, the citrus genus exhibits a spectrum of activities, including antioxidants, hypoglycaemic, antimicrobial, anticancer, antiulcer, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anthelmintic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, estrogenic, and neuroprotective effects. Conclusions: Citrus plants have been shown in traditional and ethno medicinal literature to be especially beneficial in a variety of diseases.
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    Drug Repurposing Approaches for Depression: Rationale and its Clinical Experience
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-10) Mimansa Kandhwal; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Varinder Singh; Heena Khan; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Background: Drug discovery is a very time-consuming, tedious, and expensive process lasting for about two or more decades. This complexity of the process of drug discovery and the sluggish pace at which new drugs are being discovered draw the attention of scientists to redefine the whole process with the help of drug repurposing. The usage of old drug moieties in any other disorder with all new mechanisms is defined as repurposing. Repurposing of drugs knocks out the pre-clinical phase and related studies to give that molecule a redefined purpose. Data from these studies may be used in discovering newer molecules to save human effort, time, and expenses as well. Purpose: The complex etiology of depression and resistance to its treatment drive novel discoveries via therapeutic repurposing and pharmacological repositioning to treat this complex disorder. In addition to the reduction of neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and serotonin, additional processes like inflammation, inadequate blood flow, and neurotoxicants are also being examined as possibly implicated mechanisms. Methods: Data was extensively collected, thoroughly reviewed and analysed from research published in the respective field. Results: Taking into consideration the aforementioned pathways has led to the development of repurposed drugs that can be used to treat treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Conclusions: The incorporation of artificial intelligence in drug repurposing may also enhance the chances of its success rate as it deals with data digitalization which is the main core mechanism used in drug repurposing.
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    Exploring the Patent Landscape and Regulatory Prospective on Pharmaceutical Cocrystals
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-15) Ritu Rathi; Yukta Guggal; Twinkle; Varneet Sandhu; Inderbir Singh
    Background: Cocrystals are not new, they have sparked considerable interest among scientists and the pharmaceutical business in the last decade. Cocrystals are multiphase formations composed of at least two particles that are held together by noncovalent bonds. Cocrystal offers unmatched physio-engineered attributes (like stability, melting point, taste concealment, dissolvability, purity, bioavailability, etc.) without changing the pharmacological capabilities of the drug. Recently, as pharmaceutical cocrystal development has increased, we have given more attention to the absurd state of cocrystals. Purpose: The purpose of the current review is to explore the patent perspective on pharmaceutical cocrystals. And to discuss the new regulations that came up from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA). Methods: In order to accomplish the said objectives, literature was surveyed from GOOGLE PATENTS, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, PUBMED, EBSCO, etc. type for search engines for a detailed overview of the patentability and regulatory status of pharmaceutical cocrystals. Conclusions: The journey of pharmaceutical cocrystals is bit challenging and still going on. In addition, if attention is drawn on some challenging aspects such as scalability, reproducibility, herbal bioactives cocrystals and 3D printed cocrystals related preparation and stability challenges, it can prove to be a paradigm shift in drug discovery processes.
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    Harnessing the Power of Natural Products in Drug Discovery
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-10) Kumar Anand; Sayak Khawas; Apurva Singh; Puja kumari; Neha Nupur; Neelima Sharma
    Background: Natural products and their structural analogues have historically played a crucial role in pharmacotherapy, especially in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. However, various challenges including screening, isolation, characterization and effectiveness contributed to a decline in natural product research within the pharmaceutical industry. Purpose: This review explores the enduring use of natural compounds in folk medicine with special focus on drug discovery inspired by multifaceted molecular roles of small molecules from natural sources. The article also aims to elucidate how modern modifications of these compounds can lead to the development of innovative molecules with enhanced pharmacological potential & can have good pharmaceutics profile. Methods: To accomplish these objectives, literature has been surveyed from PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE etc. like search engines, for pinpointing detailed technological developments that empower natural product-based drug discovery. Various case studies are incorporated in terms of folklore usage, in process drug discoveries and small molecules scientifically founded with signalling pathway bio stimulation. Conclusions: The journey of natural products from nature to clinic is very complex and time taking. In this pipeline, if attention can be drawn to some major aspects, it will lead to a paradigm shift in drug discovery processes. This can be witnessed by folklore usage of natural products and up laddering multifaceted concepts of small and lead molecule.
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    Invitro Evaluation & Antimicrobial Activity of Citrullus Species (C. colocynthis and C. lanatus)
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-10) Harinderjit Singh; Hayat M. Mukhtar
    Background: Citrullus Species (C. colocynthis & C.lanatus) commonly belong to the Cucurbitaceae family. Traditionally, Citrullus plants have been used for a diverse range of therapeutic activities like antibacterial, larvicidal, antilipidemic, etc. On reviewing the literature available online; it was visible that evaluation of antimicrobial activity of Citrullus species based on geographical variation has not been carried out till date. Purpose: This paper seeks to comprehensively discuss and evaluate the antimicrobial action of Citrullus species from various geographical locations of India, such as Rajasthan, Punjab, and Haryana. Methods: Soxhlet extraction technique was utilized to prepare the extracts as per authentic& standard guidelines. The obtained fractions were then subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening studies, followed by evaluation of antimicrobial action using a well-established Cup and Plate Method. Results: Higher antimicrobial activity was observed for ethyl acetate extract, as compared to the acetone and methanol extract. It was also seen that the antimicrobial activity of the plants from Rajasthan surpassed the samples collected from Punjab and Haryana. The phytochemical screening studies involving ethanol and ethyl acetate fractions depicted the existence of phytoconstituents like tannins, flavonoids and quercetin. Conclusions: The antibacterial activity of fractions of C. Colocynthis and C. Lanatus fruits was found to be more potent for the ethyl acetate extract against Escherichia coli as compared to Staphylococcus aureus. The existence of compounds such as tannins, flavonoids etc., in the extracts, may be the reason for the scientifically documented pharmacological profile of different Citrullus species.
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    Management of Nutrition Crisis: Technology-based transformation in the field of Healthcare
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-15) Didar Singh; Nisha Jain; Sanjana Mehta; Sarita Jangra; Gaber El-Saber Batiha; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Background: Acute malnutrition has grown into a big challenge to deal with in different parts of the world. There are areas desolated due to the economic crisis, climate disasters, or wars; many countries are facing a paucity of healthcare professionals, medicines and other health requirements. Purpose: To identify various methods to manage malnutrition in children in different countries especially in developing countries and hard to reach areas from peer review literature. Methods: The PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases were searched to identify various management techniques for SAM/MAM. A combination of MeSH words were used like Malnutrition, Undernutrition, Management, Strategies, Prevalence and Management Strategies. Results: This paper reviews management strategies for acute malnutrition in children, especially in developing countries facing resource constraints. It highlights the potential of digital health technologies and community collaboration to address this critical issue, emphasizing the importance of data-driven approaches for effective interventions and policymaking.
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    Recent Advances in Lipid Nano-Carrier Systems for the Management of Inflammatory Diseases: A Comprehensive Review
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-11-10) Kumar Anand; Sayak Khawas; Apurva Singh; Rashmi Kumari; Neelima Sharma
    Background: In the past two decades, extensive research has focused on lipid nanocarriers for targeted drug delivery to treat various diseases. Among these, inflammatory conditions pose a formidable challenge in modern healthcare, encompassing a diverse spectrum from autoimmune disorders to chronic inflammation. Effective therapeutic interventions necessitate the development of targeted and efficient delivery systems to address the complexities associated with drug administration. Purpose: This review highlights different approaches of lipid-based nanocarriers to target various inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), psoriasis, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It focuses on the advancements made in Lipid Nano-Carriers (LNC) with a special emphasis on their inherent safety, lower stability costs, and enhanced encapsulation efficiency. Methods: Recent literature has been surveyed from PUBMED, GOOGLE SCHOLAR, etc., like search engines, for summarising detailed ongoing developments in the field of lipid nanocarriers for inflammatory diseases, which could prove to be a novel carrier for efficient drug delivery with special emphasis on surface modifications, formulations, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy. Conclusion: This review emphasizes recent researches in the field of lipid-based nano formulations for managing inflammatory disease, as well as extensive discussion on their limitations and future prospective.
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    Simultaneous Quantification RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation for Atorvastatin and Tadalafil in Bulk Form
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-23) Ifroj; Baljeet Kaur; Monika Gupta
    Background: Tadalafil and Atorvastatin together have been shown to significantly enhance hemodynamics and sexual performance in middle-aged and older patients with hyperlipidemia. Despite of the number of techniques for estimating tadalafil and atorvastatin calcium, the Reverse Phase-High Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) technique for simultaneous determination of Atorvastatin calcium and Tadalafil has not yet been disclosed. Purpose: A sensitive, simple, rapid, reverse phase high pressure liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous estimation of Tadalafil and Atorvastatin in bulk form. Methods: The method was carried out utilizing the C-18 column (Sapphirus, 5 x 250 mm) and mobile phase at 1 ml/min flow rate. 0.05M phosphate buffer (30:70 v/v gradient mode) and acetonitrile were the ideal mobile phase conditions. The pH was changed with glacial acetic acid to 4.0. Results: Tadalafil and Atorvastatin had retention times of 3.517 and 4.117, respectively, according to data collected concurrently. The linearity range for Atorvastatin and Tadalafil (15 µg/ml to 90 µg/ml) was established using an external standard calibration method. It was calculated that the recovery rate ranges from 98.09 to 101.44 percent, and it was discovered that all values fall within this range. The limits of detection for Atorvastatin and Tadalafil are 0.318 µg/ml and 0.672 µg/ml, respectively. Conclusion: The method was found to be robust, durable, accurate and linear for validated parameters. The % RSD observed for flow rate, wavelength, and analyst variation was found to be below 2, which was considered acceptable in the robustness investigation.