JPTRM Vol. 8 No. 2 (November 2020)

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    Antimicrobial Activity of Juglans regia Root Bark Extracts
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2020-11-17) Aadil Wani; Manish Kumar
    Background: Juglans regia tree is widely found in several parts of India, Europe and Central Asia. Different parts of J. regia are rich sources of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, amino acids, and terpenoids. J. regiais has antiasthmatic, anti-atherosclerotic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, osteoblastic, and wound healing activities. The bark and roots are used against tooth decay and ringworm infection. Purpose: In the present study we evaluated antibacterial and antifungal activities of J. regia root bark. Methods: Extracts of root bark of J. regia were prepared using methanol, water, and petroleum ether. Methanolic and aqueous extracts in concentrations 50, 100 and 200 mg/ml were tested against three Gram negative bacterial strains (S. typhi, P. vulgaris, and E. coli), one Gram positive strain (S. aureus) and fungi (S. cerevisiae, P. chrysogenum, and A. fumigatus). Results: The extracts effectively inhibited growth of cultured microorganisms. Methanolic extracts showed maximum zone of inhibition (ZOI) for all the microorganisms ranging from 12.8 – 17.0 mm. Aqueous extract disclosed maximum effectiveness against S. typhi. Conclusions: Quantification of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) revealed potent antibacterial activities of methanolic extracts (200 mg/ml) of J. regia root bark.
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    A Review on the Role of Coconut Oil in Dermatitis Diseases
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2020-11-17) Pavas Sharma; Durga Chauhan; Sujit Bose; Rakesh Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Amit Mittal
    Background: Coconut oil, or copra oil is obtained from the nut/kernel of matured coconuts garnered from the Cocosnucifera. Coconut oil is an edible oil derived from the kernels of harvested mature coconuts harvested from the coconut palm. In recent decades, this oil has risen to the status of a health food superstar in the health food industry. Celebrities are welcoming its use, nutritionists are promoting it, and patients are praising it for its many benefits. Purpose: This oil has been linked to a range of health advantages. These include improvements in skin care, hair care, stress management, losing weight & cholesterol level management, immune modulatory effects, cardiovascular applications, and, most recently, Alzheimer’s disease. However, for several years, coconut oil was demonised, and consumers were led to believe that it was harmful to their health because it would clog arteries and cause heart disease. The tide has shifted, and in recent years, increased awareness of the favourable health advantages of coconut oil has emerged. Conclusion: The usage of coconut oil, particularly crude coconut oil, is increasingly popular; however some individuals are still doubtful. This present review makes an attempt to provide a scientific assessment of the medicinal qualities of this oil.
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    Molecular Docking Approach to Identify Potential AntiCandidal Potential of Curcumin.
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2020-11-17) Nidhi Rani; Prerna Sharma; Praveen Kuma
    Background: Candida albicans is a kind of fungus that can lead to mortality. In the presence of the enzyme Lanosterol-demethylase, Ergosterol, the major sterol in the fungal cell membrane, is the resulting product of Lanosterol (Cytochrome P450DM). Purpose: Azole antifungal drugs target this enzyme as a target enzyme. The work included selecting and modelling the target enzyme. Cucumin’s inhibitory effect on Cytochrome P450 was tested utilising molecular docking experiments. Methods: Chem sketch was used to create compound structures, and Molergo Virtual Docker was used to do molecular docking. Results: All of the curcumin and conventional medicines, such as Ketoconazole, Clotrimazole, and Miconazole, have interaction with 14-demethylase amino acid residues, Haem and water molecules in the target site, as per the docking research.
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    Protein Kinase Structure, Function, and its Binding Sites for Understanding the Role in Anticancer Therapy
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2020-11-17) Adarsh Sahu
    Background: Protein kinases are involved in regulating different aspects of metabolism including cell growth, differentiation and regulation of cell cycle. Deregulated protein kinases are thought to affect various forms of tumor growth. The advent of protein kinase inhibitors has caused a great shift in the way we treat cancer. Purpose: There were several inhibitors of protein kinases that had been approved by the FDA in the last few decades. Therefore the need of the hour is to know the structure of the protein kinase to design the effective therapy for cancer treatment. Interaction of the drug with the protein is successful if the drug binds to the cavity of the receptor or protein and brings conformational changes, therefore the binding site in the protein should be well understood. Conclusion: Thus in this mini review we have systematically discussed the structure of protein kinase and their binding sites so the future designing of the potential molecules should have better efficacy.
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    Pharmacokinetic Studies of Curcumin Based Pyrazoline MAO Inhibitors
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2020-11-17) Vishnu Nayak Badavath; Venkatesan Jayaprakash; Susanta Kumar Mondal; Sandeep Arora; Orlando Acevedo; Abhishek Thakur; Rajasekhara Reddy Iska
    Background: Curcumin is a natural phenolic compound obtained from Curcuma longa, with proven human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitory activity, but due to its poor oral bioavailability, blood-brain barrier permeability and extensive metabolism in the liver, it has never been recognized as a drug candidate. Purpose: In this study, the structure-based-drug design (SBDD) was adopted to incorporate the structural features of Curcumin with an aim to improve drug permeability and metabolic stability. Method: A series of ferulic amides (half portion of curcumin) (1-3) and curcumin based pyrazolinescompounds (4-6) were designed and Curcumintested for their membrane permeability and liver microsomal metabolic stability in a various animal in an in-vitro assay system. Conclusion: All the designed compounds showed a significant enhancement in permeability and metabolic stability is achieved through chemical modification.