JMRH Vol. 11 No. 01 (October 2024)

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https://demodspace.chitkara.edu.in/handle/123456789/9

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    Influence of Food-Insecurity on Breastfeeding and Complementary Feeding Practices Among Nursing Mothers Attending State Specialist Hospitals, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2024-10-20) Ijarotimi, Oluwole Steve; Olaiyapo, Kolawole Paul; Oludahunsi, Ayotomiwa Faith; Akinrinmade, Remilekun
    Background: Poor access to healthy foods as a result of poverty is becoming a public health challenge, particularly in many low-income countries, where many households are threatened with low purchasing power. Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of maternal food insecurity on infant-feeding practices among caregivers attending State Specialist Hospital, Akure, Nigeria. Method: The research was a cross-sectional study to assess maternal socio demographic characteristics, nutrition knowledge, and the influence of food insecurity status on breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic characteristics of mothers, breastfeeding and complementary feeding practices, and food-insecurity-related situations in the previous 30 days of the survey. Data were analyzed using a statistical package. Results: The maternal age was between 18 and 40 years, and a large percentage of the nursing mothers were Yoruba (75.1%). Most of the mothers had formal education (98.1%) and were self-employed (79.1%). Maternal-child-feeding knowledge showed that four-fifths (80%) had good knowledge on when to initiate breastfeeding, 68.9% on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, 66.6% on the age at which to introduce complementary foods to infants, and 71.4% on the risks associated with late introduction of complementary food to the infants. Mothers experiencing mild food insecurity (20.2%), moderate food insecurity (15.2%), and severe food insecurity (8.9%) reported that they were not practicing exclusive breastfeeding, breastfeeding less than 3 times daily, and abruptly stopping breastfeeding, respectively. Besides, results showed that a high percentage of mothers were unable to feed their infants with a variety of complementary foods and quantity. The types of complementary foods used by the mothers varied from unfortified sorghum (36%), fortified sorghum (egg or soybean) (45%), and commercial infant formula (19%). Conclusion: The findings of the study showed that almost half of the nursing mothers were food insecure, and the food-insecure mothers did not practice exclusive breastfeeding, and most of the mothers were using unfortified cereals as complementary foods for their infants due to low income and lack of food.
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    In-Silico Analysis of Phytochemicals as Potential Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 NSP-12
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2024-10-20) Saini, Shallu; Bansal, Poonam; Bhatia, Gurpreet Kaur; Tuli, Hardeep Singh
    Background: The coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS- CoV-2), has a huge global impact. Purpose: The only known preventive measures or therapies for COVID-19 at this time are physical segregation and aerial barriers between individuals. Researchers in the academic and industrial sectors are currently in urgent need of COVID-19 remedies, including vaccines to stop the virus’s spread. Even if the widespread vaccination campaign has helped to limit the rate of death, the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues three and a half years after the pandemic began and the anticipated endemic transition. After the health emergency state was declared to be over, we are seeing a global loosening of preventive measures, a return to pre-pandemic mobility patterns, and an ever more coerced coexistence with the virus. Methods: In the present study, the ability of SARS-CoV-2 proteins to bind natural substances, which is essential for host cell interaction and infection was examined. Using in silico tools and techniques, the docking analysis of Dibutyl phthalate, Betulin and Stigmasterol against SARS-CoV-2 non-structural protein-12 (NSP-12) was done. Results: It was observed that stigmasterol had the highest binding affinity (-8.1 kcal/mol) for NSP-12 protein of SARS- CoV-2 followed by betulin (-6.9 kcal/mol) and DIBP (Dibutyl Phthalate) had the lowest affinity (-6.3 kcal/mol). Conclusion: Based on current research, it was suggested that stigmasterol is a potential phytochemical to be tests against NSP-12 protein of SARS CoV-2 and can be used as antivirus drug.
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    Control Scoring in Intermittent Exotropia: A Descriptive Study in a Pediatric Population
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2024-10-20) Kumar, Rajesh; MalharVyas; Passi, Neebha; Prajapat, Manish Kumar
    Background: Intermittent exotropia (IXT) is a condition characterized by fluctuating control, and the optimal approach for monitoring it is a subject of continual discussion. Purpose: The aim of this study is to assess the reliability of repeated measurements of the Office Control Score (OCS) and its correlation with distance stereopsis in children diagnosed with intermittent exotropia (IXT). Methods: This prospective study involved 98 children, who were categorized according to deviation angle (<20 PD and ≥20 PD). OCS was assessed at three time points, and stereopsis was evaluated through the Titmus and Distance Randot tests. Results: Results indicate that both groups exhibited statistically significant improvements in OCS across visits, with Group A showing superior control and stereopsis outcomes at the third visit (P < 0.05). Children with smaller deviation angles exhibited significantly improved distance stereopsis. Conclusions: Multiple OCS measurements, as opposed to a single-point assessment, offer a more stable and reliable approach for monitoring control in IXT. This method may facilitate prompt surgical referrals and enhance clinical outcomes.
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    Musculoskeletal Disorders in Thermal Plant Workers: Prevalence and Determinants
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2024-10-20) Mankirat Singh; Supreet Bindra
    Background: Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs) are associated with long-term pain, fatigue, and physical disability, often leading to reduced productivity, job restrictions, absenteeism, and transfer to alternative work roles. These have a considerable impact on quality of life with an economic toll on the individual, the organization, and the society as a whole. Purpose: However, research on MSDs in thermal power plant workers is limited; thus, the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors of MSDs in thermal plant workers. Method: A sample size of 200 workers was obtained, and data was collected using a questionnaire designed for the same via the interview schedule method. Results: The 12-month prevalence of MSDs in workers was found to be 59.7%. The majority of the workers had a higher prevalence of low back pain (45.29%). Upon univariate analysis, age (OR=7.30, 95% CI: 2.15-24.76, p=0.001), BMI (OR=8.10, 95% CI: 1.80-36.44, p=0.006), nature of work (OR=5.13, 95% CI: 1.34-19.63, p=0.017), work experience (OR=4.41, 95% CI: 1.86-10.45, p=0.001), and socioeconomic status (OR=2.03, 95% CI: 1.02-4.04, p=0.044) were found to be risk factors for MSDs. Conclusion: Low back and neck pain emerged as the most prevalent MSDs. Contributing factors included long-term poor posture, heavy lifting, and previous trauma or injury. Age, BMI, nature of work, years of experience, and socioeconomic status were identified as significant risk factors. Preventive measures, such as ergonomic workplace modifications and structured exercise programs, are strongly recommended to reduce the occurrence and impact of MSDs.
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    Prospective Case Study in Treatment of Cervical Rib at C4 Vertebra
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2024-10-20) Srijeeta Biswas; Kusum Agarwal; Ritu Patwari
    Background: Cervical rib is a rare congenital anomaly, usually from C7. Most are asymptomatic, but incomplete ribs can compress neurovascular structures, especially the brachial plexus, causing pain, paresthesia, and weakness. This case reports a 19-year-old male with a rare CR at C4, presenting with severe right-sided neck and shoulder pain, tingling, and functional limits after prolonged backpack use. Diagnosis was confirmed via X-ray. Purpose: To evaluate whether a non-surgical, evidence-based physiotherapy program could reduce pain and improve function in a patient with a rare symptomatic cervical rib. Method: A qualitative case study was conducted. Assessment included muscle strength, shoulder range of motion, nerve tension tests (ULTTs), and special tests (Adson’s, Roos). The baseline Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) was 8/10; the Neck Disability Index (NDI) was 34 (severe). Intervention: Weeks 1–2: Neural mobilization (median, ulnar nerves) and ultrasound therapy (3 MHz, 2 W/cm², 4 days/week) → NPRS reduced to 6; NDI to 26. Weeks 3–4: Neural mobilization plus Muscle Energy Techniques (scalenes, upper trapezius) → NPRS 2; NDI 20. Weeks 5–6: Maintenance sessions (3 days/week) sustained improvements. Results: Pain and functional scores improved steadily: NPRS from 8 to 2; NDI from 34 to 20 by Week 4, maintained through Week 6. Conclusion: A non-surgical, phased physiotherapy program—combining neural mobilization, ultrasound therapy, and muscle energy techniques—effectively reduced symptoms and disability in a rare high-level cervical rib case.