JPTRM Vol. 7 No. 1 (May 2019)
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Item A Study of Prescription Practice for Drugs in Rural Area of Dehradun, Uttarakhand, Using WHO Indicators(Chitkara University Publications, 2019-05-10) Nautiyal Himani; Bani Pankaj; Prajapati Himani; Shakir SaleemBackground It has been seen in recent decades that there is a lot of development in the field of medicine all over the world. This leads to flooding of medicines in the market. Developing countries are also not behind in this regard but there is lack of standards at all levels for medical treatment. The health care delivery system should be improved to secure the quality of life. In the case of Indian markets, it is also consumed with more than 70,000 formulations, compared to approximately 350 formulations listed in the World Health Organization (WHO) Essential Drug List. Several studies conducted in different regions of India have reported that most prescriptions in India are of drugs with “unclear efficiency.” Developing countries need to promote rational drug use which can be achieved by assessing the drug use patterns with the WHO drug use indicators Objective The present study was conducted in a rural area of Dehradun to assess the medicine prescriptions patterns among health facilities in this area using WHO Medication Use indicators. Material and Method: In this study, one hundred patients were interviewed about their socioeconomic statues along with complete medication history and ongoing medications, in a prescribed format. WHO guidelines were used for analyzing the data using Microsoft excel. The study was conducted in danda lakhond a rural area of Dehradun, Uttarakhand. Result We encountered various astonishing results in this study. The gender ratio for the present study was (78:22) for male: female subjects. Socioeconomic status of the study population was significantly good concerning literacy as only 03% of people were illiterate. Total prescribed drug products were 152; this indicates that an average number of drugs per prescription was 1.52. The generic drugs prescribed in this study were 113 which are 74% of the total number of drugs prescribed. When compared with (National List of essential medicines) of India nearly all prescribed drugs (n=152, 98 %) were included in the list. The present study included 10 therapeutic categories of the Prescribed drug, most prescribed drugs (n=34, 34%) were antibiotics in the study area and least prescribed drugs were antiviral drugs i.e. Only (n=03, 3%). Discussion The present study was an attempt to identify the prescribing pattern of drugs in a rural area of Dehradun Uttarakhand. A small study population was interviewed for this assessment. We concluded that prescription practices were good and WHO standards were followed in prescribing the medicines. Although, some parameters should also be corrected for WHO guidelines such as usage of antibiotics in prescriptions practices, average medicines prescribed per patient, and information regarding dosage form prescribed to patients.Item UV-Spectrophotometry – Multicomponent Mode of Analysis for Simultaneous Estimation of Brinzolamide and Brimonidine Tartrate in Bulk and Ophthalmic Formulation(Chitkara University Publications, 2019-05-10) Vikram L. Jadhav; Amod S. Patil; Suraj R. Chaudhari; Atul A. ShirkhedkarBrinzolamide (BRZ) and Brimonidine Tartrate (BT) in combination are available as an ophthalmic suspension in the ratio of 5:1. A simple, reproducible and efficient method for the simultaneous determination of BRZ and BT in Bulk and Ophthalmic formulation has been developed. The absorbance was assessed at two wavelengths i.e. 252.40 nm (λ max of BRZ) and 246 nm (λmax of BT) in methanol. In this method, BRZ and BT executed linearity in the concentration range of 5-35 μg/mL and 3-18 μg/mL, respectively at their respective λ max. The developed method was found to be accurate, precise and rugged as marked by small values of % RSD according to ICH guidelines.Item The Effect of Modification Methods on the Properties of Lentinus Tuber Regium Powders(Chitkara University Publications, 2019-05-10) Kenneth C. Ugoeze; Nkemakolam Nwachukwu; Precious C. AnyinoThe current work considered the influence of methods of modification on the physical characteristics of Lentinus Tuber Regium (LTR) powders. The sclerotia of the LTR was pulverized to 250.0 μm and coded as native Lentinus Tuber Regium (NLTR-A). A 500.0 g of NLTR-A was submerged in 3.5 % w/v sodium hypochlorite and stirred continuously for 30.0 min. The resultant slurry was washed severally with purified water until it was neutral to litmus. The mass was dried in an oven at 60.0 °C for 2.0 h, pulverized (250.0 μm) and was noted as the modified Lentinus Tuber Regiumpowder (MLTR-B). Another 500.0 g of NLTR-A was extracted with 70.0 % v/v ethanol in a Soxhlet extractor. The resultant powder was dried at 60.0 o C for 2.0 h, micronized (250.0 μm) and coded as the modified Lentinus Tuber Regium powder (MLTR-C). Additional 500.0 g of NLTR-A was submerged in 600.0 mL of 0.5 N sodium hydroxide in a 1.0 L beaker and shaken constantly for 30.0 min. The subsequent material was splashed with purified water until the material was neutral to litmus. The mass was freed from water and introduced into 200.0 mL of 0.5 N hydrochloric acid. It was agitated for 30.0 min in a water bath at 100.0 °C. It was flooded in purified water until it was neutral to litmus. The product was dried to constant weight at 60.0 °C and pulverized (250.0 μm). The product was coded as the modified Lentinus Tuber Regium powder (MLTR-D). Generally, NLTR-A, MLTR-B, MLTR-C and MLTR-D were investigated for their organoleptic, solubility, pH, moisture studies, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), flow parameters and densities. The results showed that both the native and the modified powders were insoluble in water and most organic solvents. The pH of the derived powders was consistently higher. SEM and XRD revealed morphological differences in each of the derived powders, though, all the powders were non-crystalline. The respective modification methods brought about an improvement in the hydrophilic and flow properties of the modified powders when compared to the native form of LTRItem Cruz-Badiano Codex and the Importance of the Mexican Medicinal Plants(Chitkara University Publications, 2019-05-10) A. Chavarría; G EspinosaThe plants have been used by human beings since thousands years ago as natural curative products. Ancestral populations from China, Egypt, India, and México, among others, were cultures that found the curative effects of different plants. A very invaluable document is the Cruz-Badiano codex. This codex was written in 1552 as a present to the King of Spain, the codex deals with herbolary and traditional Mexican medicinal plants. The main goal of this work is to show the importance of the Cruz-Badiano codex which is based on the native and traditional medicinal Mexican plants used to cure in the ancient times. A brief historical overview of the Cruz-Badiano codex, his origin and the round trip between México-Spain-México is described. Some of the beautiful handmade illustrations of Mexican medicinal plants are shown. And a brief review of plants that have been subject of pharmacological studies is given.Item A Validated High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Berberine Chloride and Guggulsterone Z in Herbal Formulation(Chitkara University Publications, 2019-05-10) Vijaykumar K. Parmar; Deepika Mohanta; Harsh ShahA simple, precise, and robust high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed and validated for the determination of berberine chloride and guggulsterone Z in herbal formulation. Chromatographic separation was achieved on aluminium plates precoated with silica gel G60F254 as the stationary phase and toluene-acetonitrile-formic acid (5:3:0.5 v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Densitometric evaluation was carried out at 264 nm. The present method was validated according to ICH guidelines. The Rf value of berberine chloride and guggulsterone Z was found to be 0.40 ± 0.02 and 0.68 ± 0.02, respectively. The response in terms of peak area was found to be linear over the concentration range of 100-500 ng/spot for berberine chloride and 200-1000 ng/spot for guggulsterone Z with regression coefficient value greater than 0.995 for both the phytoconstituents. The method was validated by determining its accuracy, precision, robustness, specificity and system suitability. The method was found to be accurate, precise and robust to carry out the simultaneous estimation of berberine chloride and guggulsterone Z. The developed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous estimation of berberine chloride and guggulsterone Z in herbal formulation.Item UV Method Development and Validation of Ellagic Acid for its Rapid Quantitative Estimation(Chitkara University Publications, 2019-05-10) Harsheen Kaur; Arti Thakkar; Kalpana NagpalDevelopment and validation of a simple UV- Spectroscopy method was done for the quantitative analysis of Ellagic Acid (EA). The stock solution of 50μg/ml was prepared and scanned, for which absorption maxima was found to be 277nm. Further dilutions to different concentrations (1-5μg/ml) were prepared and analyzed at 277nm. The method so developed was validated as per ICH guidelines for: linearity, robustness, precision, accuracy, limit of detection and quantification. The Lambert- Beer’s law is followed in the range (1-5μg/ml) with correlation coefficient value 0.9994. It was observed that the method is precise and accurate for EA analysis with good recovery percent of 94.47% to 106.83%. The method developed was further employed for determining the entrapment efficiency of ellagic acid and its release from its nanoparticle dosage form. The method may be utilized for determining the concentration of EA when present as formulation and in combination with other drugs.