Browsing by Author "Sandeep Kumar"

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    Pharmacogenomics: Applications in Drug Discovery and Pharmacotherapy
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-05) Hitesh Chopra; Sandeep Kumar; Vandana; Sandeep Arora
    Pharmacogenomics is the scientific study which explains individual variability of drug targets and to explore the genetic basis for such changes. With the completion of human genomic study, clear relation could now be established between the drug response in relation to a person’s genome. Pharmacogenomics, also known as personalized medicine, uses the person’s genome to determine the dose and dosage regimen, so that therapy could be optimized. As with the techniques like DNA microarray technologies person’s response to a therapy can be predicted and new therapies could be assigned. In the present review, the current technologies, and past significance has been discussed.
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    Pulsatile Drug Delivery System – A Novel Approach for Time and Spatial Controlled Drug Delivery
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2016-05-07) Umang; Prashant Sharma; Hitesh Chopra; Sandeep Kumar
    The area of pharmaceutical research is broadened with the invention of new pharmaceutical drug delivery system. The traditional drug deliveries systems have not the way to treat or cure special disease or as well as the common disease with less side effects and maximized efficacy. ODDS have various advantages and disadvantages but their disadvantages are overcome by the CDDS. CDDS although they overcome the disadvantages of ODDS but do not handle the special pharmacological disease requirements. To overcome this PDDS is established to overcome the disadvantages of CDDS. PDDS has gained importance in the drug delivery system because of improved patient compliance, therapeutic efficacy and having fewer side effects. PDDS uses lag time for delivery of drug in body. Various systems are there in PDDS to overcome the patient’s special chronopharmacological needs.
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    Sustained Release Solid Dispersions of Pentoxyfylline: Formulation and Optimization
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-05) Sandeep Kumar; Manju Nagpal; Kalpana Nagpal; Gitika Arora Dhingra
    Objective: The purpose of the study is to formulate and optimize sustained release solid dispersions of pentoxyfylline using a combination of eudragit polymers and ethyl cellulose. Methods: Solid dispersions were formulated by solvent evaporation method.Preliminary batches were formulated using various drug to polymer ratio; with eudragit S100 and L100 (1:1 to 1:5 ratio), and with ethyl cellulose(1:1 to 1:3 ratio) and evaluated for solubility analysis. Based on results of preliminary batches, Box Behnken design was further applied and three factors (X1- concentration of Eudragit S100, X2- concentration of Eudragit L100, X3- concentration of Ethyl Cellulose) were selected with three levels (+1, 0, -1). Multiple linear regression was applied to generate polynomial equations and statistical evaluation. Prepared solid dispersions were investigated for sustained release properties via in vitro dissolution studies. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (X-RD), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were carried out to evaluate drug polymer interactions. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis of optimized solid dispersion was carried out to evaluate surface morphology of the particles. Results: Batch F5 showed maximum sustained release (65.46% in 24 h) characteristics out of all solid dispersions. DSC studies indicated drug integrity when mixed with the polymeric carriers. FTIR and X-RD studies also ruled out any drug polymer interaction. A change in crystalline habit was observed in solid dispersion particles (F5 batch) as seen in SEM micrographs. Polynomial mathematical model generated using multiple regression analysis was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: Release retarding effect was found to be dependent on polymer concentration. Therefore, an optimized combination may lead to better sustaining effect.