Browsing by Author "Heena Khan"

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    Chemical Induced Rodent Model of Autism Spectrum Disorders
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-11-10) Kavita Chauhan; Veerta Sharma; Heena Khan; Amarjot Kaur; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    The term Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a neuro-developmental disorder that include repetitive behaviours, extremely constrained interests and deficits in social communication. In the last ten years, the numerous epidemiological papers discussing connection between autism and environmental chemical exposures has significantly increased. These findings are crucial because they focus on modifiable risk factors that may open up new possibilities for the primary prevention of the autism-related disability, which is now recognised to be more strongly related to environmental factors than was previously thought. A variety of environmental factors have been known as significant factors relevant to aetiology of ASD, such as lead and mercury (heavy metals), PCB(organic contaminant) and phthalates and BPA. The most accurate animal model of autism among all other models is valproic acid-induced autism, which can reproduce almost all of the molecular and cellular changes seen in humans with ASD. This review provide insight into various diagnostic available for autism, pathophysiology of autism and animal model of autism to develop a pharmacological therapeutic intervention for the treatment of disease.
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    Drug Repurposing Approaches for Depression: Rationale and its Clinical Experience
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-10) Mimansa Kandhwal; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Varinder Singh; Heena Khan; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Background: Drug discovery is a very time-consuming, tedious, and expensive process lasting for about two or more decades. This complexity of the process of drug discovery and the sluggish pace at which new drugs are being discovered draw the attention of scientists to redefine the whole process with the help of drug repurposing. The usage of old drug moieties in any other disorder with all new mechanisms is defined as repurposing. Repurposing of drugs knocks out the pre-clinical phase and related studies to give that molecule a redefined purpose. Data from these studies may be used in discovering newer molecules to save human effort, time, and expenses as well. Purpose: The complex etiology of depression and resistance to its treatment drive novel discoveries via therapeutic repurposing and pharmacological repositioning to treat this complex disorder. In addition to the reduction of neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and serotonin, additional processes like inflammation, inadequate blood flow, and neurotoxicants are also being examined as possibly implicated mechanisms. Methods: Data was extensively collected, thoroughly reviewed and analysed from research published in the respective field. Results: Taking into consideration the aforementioned pathways has led to the development of repurposed drugs that can be used to treat treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Conclusions: The incorporation of artificial intelligence in drug repurposing may also enhance the chances of its success rate as it deals with data digitalization which is the main core mechanism used in drug repurposing.
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    Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Phytoconstituents in Alzheimer’s Disease
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Vivek Rihal; Heena Khan; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Introduction: Herbal plants have been widely used in traditional medicines for improving cognitive decline and age-related loss of memory since ancient times. Medicinal plants, it is claimed, contain various active components, and they have a widely used synthetic medication option for treating cognitive and associated issues. Herbal medicines have aided in advancing medicine, and several innovative pharmaceuticals have already developed. For example, much research has backed the use of phytoconstituents in herbal medicines to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Progressive memory loss, linguistic difficulties, melancholy, anxiety, mood swings, and psychosis are some of these symptoms. Objective: A systemic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) database was carried out to understand the study till March 2021. Conclusion: Although neurofibrillary tangle and cholinergic dysfunction, -amyloid plaquesdevelopment are critical features of AD, it is also linked to oxidative damage, disruption of other neurotransmitters, high levels of AGEs, neuroinflammation, hereditary and environmental variables. On the one hand, because of this complex etiology, responses to routinely used medications like memantine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are unpredictable and frequently poor. On the other hand, their nonspecific anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect and particular cholinesterase inhibitory activity support the use of herbal medications. Herbal drugs are also gaining popularity as a result of their supposed efficacy, safety, and accessibility.
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    Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Phytoconstituents in Stroke
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Heena Khan; Vivek Rihal; Thakur Gurjeet Singh; Amarjot Kaur Grewal
    Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a prominent global cause of death and disability. Other than employingischemic stroke treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, which must be administered within 3 hours of an acute incident and carries a high risk of hemorrhagic complications, there is currentlya few effective stroke treatment should be done. Herbal medicines, mainly derived from plants, are an excellent source for developing novel therapeutic agents for a wide range of human illnesses. In additionally, the multifaceted influence of herbal medicine and its active ingredients on stroke aetiology may indicate a bright future for natural medicine in stroke therapy. Objective: Herbal medications are effective in stroke therapy because of their anti apoptotic, neuroprotective, anti inflammatory, and vascular protecting effects. Although herbal remedies are often thought of as safe and effective, there is a frequent misconception that if a treatment is effective, it must have side effects. As a result, herbal remedies are either useless or have undesirable side effects as medications. A sizeable portion of the populations in many developed countries relies on traditional healers and their supply of medicinal plants to suit their medical needs. Conclusion: Even after due to historical and cultural factors, herbal medicines have typically retained their popularity despite the advent of modern medicine alongside such ancient therapies. Additionally, herbal remedies are more advantageous for chronic health issues like stroke. This review looks at the possible mechanism of Action for the Valuable Effects of Herbal Medicines in stroke patients.