Browsing by Author "Amarjot Kaur Grewal"

Now showing 1 - 8 of 8
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Drug Repurposing Approaches for Depression: Rationale and its Clinical Experience
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2023-04-10) Mimansa Kandhwal; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Varinder Singh; Heena Khan; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Background: Drug discovery is a very time-consuming, tedious, and expensive process lasting for about two or more decades. This complexity of the process of drug discovery and the sluggish pace at which new drugs are being discovered draw the attention of scientists to redefine the whole process with the help of drug repurposing. The usage of old drug moieties in any other disorder with all new mechanisms is defined as repurposing. Repurposing of drugs knocks out the pre-clinical phase and related studies to give that molecule a redefined purpose. Data from these studies may be used in discovering newer molecules to save human effort, time, and expenses as well. Purpose: The complex etiology of depression and resistance to its treatment drive novel discoveries via therapeutic repurposing and pharmacological repositioning to treat this complex disorder. In addition to the reduction of neurotransmitters such as epinephrine and serotonin, additional processes like inflammation, inadequate blood flow, and neurotoxicants are also being examined as possibly implicated mechanisms. Methods: Data was extensively collected, thoroughly reviewed and analysed from research published in the respective field. Results: Taking into consideration the aforementioned pathways has led to the development of repurposed drugs that can be used to treat treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Conclusions: The incorporation of artificial intelligence in drug repurposing may also enhance the chances of its success rate as it deals with data digitalization which is the main core mechanism used in drug repurposing.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Emerging Pathological Events in Liver Diseases of Pregnancy
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-11-10) Rajalaxmi Behera; Amit Kumar; Samrat Chauhan; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Hepatic dysfunction in a gestational woman can arises from pregnancy-related factors, illnesses that occur concurrently with gestation, or previously existing hepatic disorders which is aggravated by pregnancy. Abnormal liver test findings occur in 3% to 5% of pregnancies due to a variety of probable causes, with clinical effects ranging from self-limiting to swiftly deadly. Abnormal liver tests in pregnant individuals are caused by four major conditions: (i) Physiological changes in pregnancy, (ii) Newly acquired Liver disease, (iii) Pre-existing Liver disease, and (iv) Pregnancy-related Liver disease. Physiologic changes in pregnant women lead to abnormal liver function tests. Hepatic disorders may result in severe illness and death in both mothers as well as fetuses. Quick identification of the disease is crucial, as in critical situations immediate delivery is vital for the mother and developing infant survival. This review focuses on liver problems that are specific to pregnancy. Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG), which appears within the first 12 weeks of pregnancy, is connected to liver damage. Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy (ICP) is the most prominent all across the middle and the end term of pregnancy. After birth, pruritus and the related biochemical indications of cholestasis resolve. Both pre-eclampsia and HELLP (elevated liver enzymes, hemolysis, and low platelets) are severe conditions that arise in the last term of pregnancy. Acute fatty liver during pregnancy (AFLP) is a potentially dangerous, uncommon condition that can affect pregnancy’s third trimester. This review summarizes the etiologies, pathogenesis, identification, and treatment of hepatic disorders during pregnancy.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors As Potential Therapeutic Agents For Various Disorders
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2017-11-02) Kajal Thapa; Savir Kumar; Anurag Sharma; Sandeep Arora; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Epigenetic modification acetylation or deacetylation of histone considered as an important element in various disorders. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs) are the enzymes which catalyse the acetylation and deacetylation of histone respectively. It helps in regulating the condensation of chromatin and transcription of genes. Lysine acetylation and deacetylation present on the nucleosomal array of histone is the key factor for gene expression and regulation in a normal working living cell. Modification in histone protein will lead to the development of cancer and can cause various neurodegenerative disorders. To safeguard the cells or histone proteins from these diseases histone deacetylase inhibitors are used. In this review, the main focus is upon the role of histone deacetylases inhibitors in various diseases.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Mechanistic role of herbals as alternative therapy for epilepsy
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2022-05-07) Diksha Sharma; Veerta Sharma; Gaaminepreet Singh; Thakur Gurjeet Singh; Amarjot Kaur Grewal
    Botanicals and herbs have been used by people with epilepsy for ages in various cultures across the world. Patients in both developing and developed nations are currently using herbal remedies to manage seizures or side effects from antiepileptic medicines (AEDs). The deleterious effects of AED medication have a greater impact on the patient’s life than seizures. Alternative remedies should be used to treat and manage epilepsy because synthetic pharmaceuticals have risks. Epilepsy may be managed and treated using herbal medicines that have fewer negative effects than pharmaceutical medications. Therefore, the current review discusses about the herbal drugs used in treatment of epilepsy.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Role of Protein Kinase C in Diabetic Complications
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2019-11-05) Simran; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Sandeep Arora; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Diabetes is the most common and systemic disorder associated with hyperglycemia which is the significant factor in the development of micro- and macrovascular changes. Many mechanistic approaches i.e. activation of Protein kinase C, glycation end products production, hexosamine pathway and polyol pathway induce cellular damage and lead to the development of diabetic complications like nephropathy, neuropathy, retinopathy, and myopathy. One of the adverse effects of long-lasting hyperglycemia is activation of PKC (intracellular signaling enzyme) and has become a field of great research interest. Hence, in this review special emphasis is placed on microvascular complications which are due to activation of PKC. Clinical trials have also been conducted using selective PKC inhibitors and have shown positive results against hyperglycemia.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Phytoconstituents in Alzheimer’s Disease
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Vivek Rihal; Heena Khan; Amarjot Kaur Grewal; Thakur Gurjeet Singh
    Introduction: Herbal plants have been widely used in traditional medicines for improving cognitive decline and age-related loss of memory since ancient times. Medicinal plants, it is claimed, contain various active components, and they have a widely used synthetic medication option for treating cognitive and associated issues. Herbal medicines have aided in advancing medicine, and several innovative pharmaceuticals have already developed. For example, much research has backed the use of phytoconstituents in herbal medicines to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Progressive memory loss, linguistic difficulties, melancholy, anxiety, mood swings, and psychosis are some of these symptoms. Objective: A systemic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) database was carried out to understand the study till March 2021. Conclusion: Although neurofibrillary tangle and cholinergic dysfunction, -amyloid plaquesdevelopment are critical features of AD, it is also linked to oxidative damage, disruption of other neurotransmitters, high levels of AGEs, neuroinflammation, hereditary and environmental variables. On the one hand, because of this complex etiology, responses to routinely used medications like memantine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine are unpredictable and frequently poor. On the other hand, their nonspecific anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect and particular cholinesterase inhibitory activity support the use of herbal medications. Herbal drugs are also gaining popularity as a result of their supposed efficacy, safety, and accessibility.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Therapeutic Implication of Herbal Phytoconstituents in Stroke
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2021-11-08) Heena Khan; Vivek Rihal; Thakur Gurjeet Singh; Amarjot Kaur Grewal
    Introduction: Ischemic stroke is a prominent global cause of death and disability. Other than employingischemic stroke treatment with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator, which must be administered within 3 hours of an acute incident and carries a high risk of hemorrhagic complications, there is currentlya few effective stroke treatment should be done. Herbal medicines, mainly derived from plants, are an excellent source for developing novel therapeutic agents for a wide range of human illnesses. In additionally, the multifaceted influence of herbal medicine and its active ingredients on stroke aetiology may indicate a bright future for natural medicine in stroke therapy. Objective: Herbal medications are effective in stroke therapy because of their anti apoptotic, neuroprotective, anti inflammatory, and vascular protecting effects. Although herbal remedies are often thought of as safe and effective, there is a frequent misconception that if a treatment is effective, it must have side effects. As a result, herbal remedies are either useless or have undesirable side effects as medications. A sizeable portion of the populations in many developed countries relies on traditional healers and their supply of medicinal plants to suit their medical needs. Conclusion: Even after due to historical and cultural factors, herbal medicines have typically retained their popularity despite the advent of modern medicine alongside such ancient therapies. Additionally, herbal remedies are more advantageous for chronic health issues like stroke. This review looks at the possible mechanism of Action for the Valuable Effects of Herbal Medicines in stroke patients.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Use of Artificial Intelligence in Molecular Pharmacology
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2024-04-20) Amarjot Kaur Grewal
    Over the last few years, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a robust force in biomedical research, and especially in drug development—an inherently complex but fundamentally important area, where efficiency and effectiveness have been major barriers in the past. With the transformational capabilities in molecular pharmacology, AI is helping revolutionize research by offering molecular pharmacology on virtual screening of chemical libraries, de novo drug design, molecular interactions, prediction of pharmacokinetic properties, prediction of drug target interactions, prediction of toxicities, patient stratification, clinical trial optimization, improved molecular structures, and potential side effects. These algorithms can help cascade the identification of lead compounds and optimization of the therapeutic candidate through the drug development process. Using traditional methods, it is difficult to identify the complex interplay of molecules and pathways in diseases. Making drug development more efficient and cost-effective, traditional pharmacological approaches are transforming to the use of AI algorithms for analyzing massive biological datasets and modeling complex biological systems like genomics and proteomics to identify disease-associated targets and predict interaction with potential drug candidates using network analysis tools and graph neural networks. Gene expression changes in diseased cells can be analyzed using AI in identifying novel drug targets and identifying the critical pathways for intervention.