JPTRM Vol. 2 No. 1 (May 2014)

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https://demodspace.chitkara.edu.in/handle/123456789/18

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Browsing JPTRM Vol. 2 No. 1 (May 2014) by Author "Sandeep Arora"

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    Formulation, Optimization and Evaluation of Sustained Release Microspheres using Taguchi Design
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-05) Sukhbir Singh; Sandeep Arora; Neelam; Dharna Allawadi
    The aim of present study is to prepare microspheres of eudragit RL 100 loaded with Nefopam Hydrochloride by single emulsion solvent evaporation technique. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array design has been used to optimize the composition and operating conditions for preparation of formulations. Nine batches (F1-F9) were prepared by taking three independent variables (X1- drug: polymer ratio, X2- stirring speed and X3- stirring time) at three levels (+1, 0, -1). Response variables studied for batches (F1-F9) were mean particle size (μm) (Y1), drug entrapment efficiency (% w/w) (Y2) and drug loading (% w/w) (Y3). Drug- polymer compatibility study was carried out by DSC and FTIR spectroscopy and indicates no physicochemical interaction. Microspheres were analyzed for morphological characteristics, mean particle size, drug entrapment efficiency, drug loading and in-vitro drug release. Percentage cumulative drug release for optimized batch F5 was found to be 85.421 ± 0.054 and followed higuchi model for release of drug.
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    Pharmacogenomics: Applications in Drug Discovery and Pharmacotherapy
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-05) Hitesh Chopra; Sandeep Kumar; Vandana; Sandeep Arora
    Pharmacogenomics is the scientific study which explains individual variability of drug targets and to explore the genetic basis for such changes. With the completion of human genomic study, clear relation could now be established between the drug response in relation to a person’s genome. Pharmacogenomics, also known as personalized medicine, uses the person’s genome to determine the dose and dosage regimen, so that therapy could be optimized. As with the techniques like DNA microarray technologies person’s response to a therapy can be predicted and new therapies could be assigned. In the present review, the current technologies, and past significance has been discussed.
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    Receptor Identification: Advances in Ligands and Transmitters Discovery
    (Chitkara University Publications, 2014-05) Sandeep Arora; Govindrajan Raghavan; Avaneesh Kumar
    Receptor identification is an integral part of drug discovery and development. By the beginning of the next millennium, the search for the natural ligands of the orphan G-protein-coupled receptors will lead to the discovery of so many new peptides that it may well double their present number. It has recently become evident that all types of chemical messengers, hormones and transmitters act through membrane receptors which constitute our largest superfamily of proteins, i.e. the G protein-coupled receptors. The development of targeted therapies has revolutionized the treatment of various chronic diseases. Receptors have well-conserved regions that are recognized and activated by hormones and neurotransmitters. These ligands are peptides, lipids or biogenic amines, and act as transmitter molecules. Identification of orphan receptors include screening, binding and reverse engineering that help to find out cysteinyl leukotriene CysLT1 and Cys T2, hepatointestinal leukotriene B4, motilin, Ghrelin, Growth hormone-releasing peptide and growth hormone secretagogue receptor and many more. Techniques involved in screening of receptors include low stringency hybridization followed by PCR-derived approaches helps to discover various orphan g protein couple recptors (oGPCR). The discovery of the oGPCR represents a hallmark in neuroscience research, and the exploitation of its numerous physiological and pathophysiological functions is a promising avenue for therapeutic applications.